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South Hills

Peaks rise beyond the south hills.
An indolent fox ambles by.
The highway in Lu
Is wide and straight.
The princess of Qi, Wen-chiang, marries.
Lord Qi, she has married Lord Lu;
Why do you still wish to see her?

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Holmes Rolston, III ³QÅA¬°Àô¹Ò­Û²z¾Ç¤§¤÷¡A¤é«e¤]´¿¸g³X¥xÁ¿¾Ç¡C»P¤§«e³\¦h²`¨ã±Òµo©ÊªºÀô¹Ò«ä·Q®a¦p±ôù¡AAldo Leopold µ¥¤H¬Û¤ñ¡A¥L«Ø¥ß¤F¬Û·í§¹¾ãªº­Û²z¾ÇÅé¨t¡A¨Ã¥B¿n·¥ªº¹B¥Î³o­ÓÅé¨t¨Ó²z¸Ñªñ¦~¨Ó¤HÃþªÀ·|¡]¥D­n¬O¬ü°êªÀ·|¡^­±Á{ªºÀô¹ÒijÃD®É©Ò±Ä¦æªº¦æ°Ê¡C¥Lªº­Û²z¾Ç»P¶Ç²Î¤W§Æ±æ­É¥ÑÂX®i¤H»Ú­Û²z¾Çªº½d³ò¡A¨Ó«Ø¥ßÀô¹Ò­Û²z¾Çªº¤è¦¡¨Ã¤£¬Û¦P¡C¶Ç²Îªº¨ú¦V¤¤¡A¦³­Ó³Ç¥Xªº·Qªk¬O¡G´Á«Ý¥i¥H¥Ñ­Ó¤Hªº¦ÛµMÅv§Q¡]natural rights¡^ÂX®i¥X¦ÛµMªºÅv§Q¡]the rights of Nature¡^¡C¦ý³o¼Ë¤lªººc«ä«o·|¹J¨ì³\¦hªºÃøÃD¡A­º¥ý¬O¦b¤å¤ÆªÀ·|¤¤ªº¦ÛµMÅv§Q·íµM¬O­Ó¤H©Ò¾Ö¦³ªº¡A¦ý¦b¦ÛµM¥@¬É¤¤¡AÅv§Q´X¥G³£¬O°w¹ïª«ºØ¡]species¡^©ÎªÌ¥ÍºA¨t¡C¦]¬°¦b¦ÛµM¥@¬É¤¤¾Ü¨O©Mºt¤Æªº¾÷¨î¤U¡A«D±`Ãø¥H±NÅv§Q¬É©w¦b­ÓÅ骺¼h¦¸¡C¦¹¥~¦ÛµM¬É¬O­Ó¦h¼h¦¸ªº»â°ì¡G±q¤j¦a ¡B¤s¤t¡BªL³¥¡B¥ÍºA¨t¡BµL·P¥Íª«¨ì°ªµ¥¦³·P¥Íª«¡A­n¦p¦ó½á¤©§¡µ¥ªºÅv§Q©O¡H­Y¤£µMÅv§Q¤S­n¦p¦ó¤À¼h¦¸©O¡H§ó­«­nªº¬O¡A¤HÃþ¬°¤FºûÅ@Åv§Qªº¹ê¦æ¡A«Ø¥ß¤F¤@®M°ò¥»ªº¨î«×µ²ºc¡]³q±`³QºÙ¬°¥Á¥D¨î«×¡^¡A³o®Mµ²ºc¬°Åv§Q¹B§@©Ò¤£¥i©Î¯Ê¡A¦ý¦p¦ó¥i¯à¹B¥Î¨ì¦ÛµM¬É¤S¤£®Ú¥»ªº§ïÅܦ۵M¬É©O¡H

Rolston «Ü©ú¥Õªº©Ó»{¤F¤å¤ÆªÀ·|»P¦ÛµM¥@¬Éªº®t²§¡A¤]©Ó»{¦³µÛ¦Û§Ú·NÃÑ©M½ÆÂø¤ß´¼µ²ºcªº¤HÃþ¦b¦ÛµM¥v¤¤ªº¯S®í¦a¦ì¡C¥Í©R¦bµL¾÷¬É¤¤¹ï§Üæi¼W¥[ªºÁͶզÓÁc­l¡A¦Ó¤HÃþ«h¦b¥ÍºA¨tºt¤Æ¤¤«Ø¥ß¤F¤å¤ÆªÀ·|ªº­Û²z­ì«h¡C¥L»{¬°¤HÃþµo®i¥X½ÆÂøªº¤å¤Æ¡A¦b¾ã­Ó¦ÛµM¤¤¬O·¥°ª¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬O³Ì°ªªº»ù­È¡A¦ý³o¨Ã¤£¬O»¡¦ÛµM¬É¤¤¨ä¥L³¡¤À´N¨S¦³¤º¦b»ù­È¡B¤u¨ã©Ê»ù­È¥H¤Î¨t²Î»ù­È¡C¦ÛµM¬O¬ü¦nªº¥Í©R¤ä¬W¡B¸ê·½¡B¤å¤Æ°ò¦¡F±q¬ì¾Ç¡B¬ü¾Ç¡BÅGÃҽסB¾ú¥v¡B­õ¾Ç¡B©v±Ðµ¥¤è­±¥h¬Ý«Ý¥¦®É¡A¦ÛµM³£¬O­Ó©_§®¤§¹Ò¡C¤£¶È¦p¦¹¡A¤HÃþ±R°ªªº¤ß´¼²¦³ºÁÙ¬O¦b¦ÛµMºt¤Æ¥X¨Óªº©_ÂÝ¡A¨­¬°°ß¤@ªº¹D¼w©Êªºª«ºØ¡A°²¦p¤£¯à¦¨¬°¦a²y¤W¹D¼wªººÊ·þªÌ¡A¶i¦ÓºûÅ@¥ÍºA¨tªº»ù­È¡A²×¨s¬O´î·l¤F¤HÃþ¥Í©Rªº·N¸q¡C

¥Ñ¦¹¥iª¾ Rolston §Æ±æÂǥѤHÃþ¯S®íªº¦a¦ì¡A¥h§JªA¤å¤ÆªÀ·|©M¦ÛµM¥@¬Éªº®t²§¡A¦Ó¹F¦¨§ó°ª¼h¦¸ªº¿Ä¦X¡C¤£¹L§Y¨Ï¦³³o¼Ë¤lªººc·Q¡A¦b¹ê»Ú¤W¦h¼Æªº¤H­Ì³£»{¬°²{¤µ¤å¤ÆªÀ·|©M¦ÛµM¥@¬É¤§¶¡ªººò±i¹F¨ì¤F³»ÂI¡A«Ü¦h¤H¶}©lÃhºÃ¡A¦ÛµM¬É³Q¤HÃþ¤j´T§ï³y¤§«á¡A¬O§_ÁÙ¥i¯àí©wªº¦s¦b¡C´N Rolston ©ÒÁ|ªº¨Ò¤l¡A¬ü°ê¥»¤gªº¦ÛµM³¥¦a¶È¯d¤U2%¡A©TµM¥L¥i¥H¦³¤Oªº½×ÃÒ¦AÄ~Äò­é«d¦ÛµM³¥¦a¹ï©ó¤HÃþªºÃä»Ú§Q¯q·¥¤p¡A¦ý¹ï¾ã­Ó¥ÍºA¨tªº¶Ë®`«o·¥¤j¡C¦ýºÃ°ÝÁ`¬O¡G¬°¦ó¦ÛµM³¥¦a¶È¯à¥e2%¡A¦Ó¤£¬O98%©O¡H

¦^¨ì¥»ÃD¡A³o¤@¤Á©Mªe¤tªv²z¦³¤°»òÃö«Y©O¡HÀ³·í¥J²Óªº«ä¦Ò¤@¤Uªe¤tªº¯S®í©Ê¡Aªe¤t´X¥G³£¨Ó¦ÛÄÝ©ó¦ÛµM³¥¦aªº¤sªL¡A¬O¦ÛµM¥ÍºAªº¦å¯ß¡C·í¥¦¨ì¹F¥­­ì¡A¤]¦¨¬°¤HÃþ¤å¤ÆªÀ·|ªº°ò¦¡A¦b ¥xÆW¥¦§ó¬O³sµ²¤£¦P¤å¤ÆªÀ¸sªº³q¹D¡Cªe¤tªº¥ÍºA¨t¤]«Ü¯S®í¡A¤@¯ë¦Ó¨¥¡A¦b³£¥«¤¤¦ÛµM¥ÍºAÃø¥H¦s¦b¡A¦ý¦b³£¥«ªe¤tùØ¡A¦b¤p¤ßªº³]­p¤U¡A¤´µM¥i¥H«O«ù¬Û·í³¡¤Àªº¥ÍºA¨t¡C¥Ø«eªºª¬ªp¤U¡A¤HÃþ­n¨ì¹F¯î³¥¡A¯u¥¿ªº»P¦ÛµMµ²¦X¡A¶Õ¥²­n¤j¶O©P³¹¡A¤]¤£¬O¨C­Ó¤H³£¦³¿ìªk¾AÀ³±o¨Ó¡A¦ý¬O¿Ëªñªe¤t«o¬O¤j³¡¤À¤H¸g¾ú¹LÃø¥H§ÑÃhªºÅéÅç¡C©ÎªÌ¥i¥H§âªe¤tµø¬°¤j¦ÛµM¬£¨ì¤å¤ÆªÀ·|ªº¿Ëµ½¨ÏªÌ¡A·í¤å¤ÆªÀ·|¯u±o­n©M¦ÛµM¥@¬É©M¿Óªº¬Û³B¡A¤HÃþ­º¥ý­n¾Ç²ßªº®£©È´N¬O¦p¦óµ½«Ýªe¤t¡C¥¿¦p Rolston ©Ò¨¥¡A­Û²z¾Ç¬O¤@­Ó¾ú¥v©Êªº¹ê½î¹Lµ{¡A­n«Ø¥ß°_¦X©yªºÀô¹Ò­Û²z¾Ç¡A³Ì¦nªº²Ä¤@¨B¥i¯à´N¬O±qªe¤t­Û²zªº¹ê½î¶}©l¡C¥H¤U«h¨Ì Rolston ªº­Û²z¾Ç­ì²z¡A´£¥X¤@¨Ç·Ç«h¥H¨Ñ¥Ø«e¥xÆW¥¿¿n·¥¶i¦æªºªe¤tªv²z°Ñ¦Ò¡G

1. ªe¤tÀ³³Qµø¬°¤@­Ó¾ãÅé¡Gªe¤t¨Ã«D¥u¬O¤ô©Mªe¹Dªºµ²¦X¡A¥¦¬O½ÆÂøªº¦ÛµM¥ÍºA¤¤«D±`­«­nªº¤@­Ó¨t²Î¡C¤£¶È¤W´å¡B¤¤´å¡B¤U´å¡F¤W¼h¡B¤¤¼h¡B©³¼h¤Îªe©¤§¡¦³¯S®íªº¥ÍºA¨t¡C¥¦¤]¬Oºû«ù°Ê´Óª«¥Í©R¡A«OÅ@¤j¦a¤gÄ[ªº¤ô·½¡C§Y¨Ï¬O¹B°eªº¤g¬â¤]¬O¦ÛµM¤¤­«­nªº¥­¿Å¾÷¨î¡C¤HÃþ¦bªv²z¤§«e¡A¤@©w­n¹ï³o¨Ç¨t²Î³£¦³³z¹ýªºÁA¸Ñ¡A¤£­n²£¥Í¤£¥i¹w´ÁªºÅܤơC¤HÃþ¹ï©óªe¤t·íµM¦³»Ý¨D¡A¤]·|°µ¤@©wµ{«×ªº§ï³y¡A¦ý¥²»Ý¹ï¾ã­Óªe¤t°µ¾ãÅ骺¦Ò¶q¡A¹ï©ó¦UºØ»ù­È°µ¥XÄYÂÔªºÅv¿Å¡A¦A¥h¶i¦æ¦³¨t²Îªºªv²z¡A¦p¦¹¦ÛµM©M¤H¤å¤~¦³§Æ±æ¨ú±o©M¿Ó¡C

2. ªe¤tªv²zÀ³¾¨¥i¯àªº¡u¶¶À³¦ÛµM¡v¡G ¶¶À³¦ÛµM¬O Rolston ªº¤@­Ó­«­nªº·Qªk¡A¥¦·íµM¤£¬O«üµÛ¨Ì´`¦ÛµM«ß¡Ð¡Ð¦p¦¹¤HÃþ¤£¥i¯à¤£¶¶À³¦ÛµM¡F¡u¶¶À³¡vªº·N¸q¤]¤£¬O»P¦ÛµM¬Û¤Ïªº¤H¬°¢w¢w¦p¦¹«h¤HÃþ¤@©w¤£¯à¶¶À³¦ÛµM¡C¤HÃþ¶¶À³¦ÛµM¨ä¹ê¬O¤HÃþ¦Û¥Ñªº¤@³¡¤À¡A¥L­Ìª`·N¨ì¤å¤ÆªÀ·|²¦³º¬O¬[ºc¦b¾ã­Ó¦ÛµMÀô¹Ò¤§¤W¡A¹L¥h¤@¨Ç¦æ¬°§á¦±¤F¦ÛµMªº¥­¿Å¡A³£³y¦¨¤F¨aÃø©Êªº«áªG¡A¦]¦¹¦bºû«ù¥­¿Åí©w¤W¡AÀ³·í¨úªk¦ÛµM¡C¦Ó¥B¤HÃþªº»ù­È©M¹D¼w¦ó¹Á¤£¬O«Øºc¦b¦ÛµM¤§¤W¡A¶¶À³¦ÛµM¤]¤~¯àÂ×´I³o¨Ç»ù­È¡C¥Hªe¤t¦Ó¨¥¡Aªe¬yªº¥ÆÀÝ©M²J¿n¡A¨ä¹ê³£¬O¦ÛµM¨t²Îªº¤@³¡¤À¡C¤HÃþ·íµM¤£Ä@·N¾D¨ü¤ô±w¡A¤£¹L¤@¶}©l¤H¸s±K¶°ªº¦a¤è´N¤£À³¸Ó¿ï¦b²T¤ô¤§¦a¡C¤HÃþ¶¶À³¦ÛµMÁÙ¦³¿n·¥ªº·N¸q¡A¦]¬°¤HÃþ¨ã¦³©_§®ªº¤ß´¼¡A¥i¥H¦b¥R¤À¤F¸Ñ¦ÛµM¨t²Î¦p¦ó¹B§@«á¡A°µ¥X³Ì¦nªº¨M©w¡C¦p¦U­Óªe¤t¦b¨ººØ«B¶q¡A¨ººØ­°«B¤À§G¤U¡A¦b¨º¨Ç¦a¤è·|²£¥Í²T¤ô¡A³£À³¦³²M·¡ªº°O¿ý¨Ã§ä¥X³Ì¦nªº³B²z¤è¦¡¡C¦³³\¦h²T¤ô§ó¬Oª½±µ¥Ñ¤HÃþ¤@¨Ç¾|莾§@¬°ªº«áªG¡A¦¹®É§óÀ³­n¶¶À³¦ÛµM¡A§ä¥X³Ì¦³»ù­Èªº¸Ñµª¡A¦Ó¤£¬Oª¼¥Øªº¿v³ö©â¤ô¡C

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South Hills

Peaks rise beyond the south hills.
An indolent fox ambles by.
The highway in Lu
Is wide and straight.
The princess of Qi, Wen-chiang, marries.
Lord Qi, she has married Lord Lu;
Why do you still wish to see her?

Straw slippers in pairs,
Cap tassels in pairs.
The highway in Lu
Is wide and straight.
Wen-chiang, the princess of Qi, marries.
But, Wen-chiang, now you are married;
Why do you still wish to see him?

How do you plant hemp?
In parallel rows.
How do you find a wife?
Ask your parents.
Wen-chiang has married Lord Lu.
But Lord Lu, why do you let her return
To see her lover?

How do you cut firewood?
Use an axe.
How do you find a wife?
Ask a matchmaker.
But Lord Lu, Wen-chiang is your wife.
Why do you let her return
To see her lover?

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