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ENS每週評論:救治我們的世界

Healing Our World: Weekly Comment

販賣環境的毀滅和疾病 (上)

Marketing Environmental 
Destruction and Disease 


作者:傑奇•艾倫•朱利安諾 博士

當他們睡著時,只是一群孩子。
他們之間沒有戰爭。
在上帝給予人類的緩慢節奏中,
他們張開雙手並且開始呼吸。

無論是軍人,政治家,奴僕或是雇主,
當他們噘起雙唇和半開雙手時,
他們其實也像是小孩,

在彼此不再互相殘殺的那幾個鐘頭,
星星在天空凝視著,天際也變得朦朧。

只要讓我們的心像花朵一樣半開著,
只要讓我們能互相交談,
文字就會像金黃色的小蜜蜂那樣,
在我們的心靈中穿梭。
上帝啊,請教導我睡眠的語言。
-羅爾弗•雅各布森 英文翻譯:格林Glenn Storhaug

  每一天,全國的環保人士與關心環境的民眾,都為了日益嚴重的環境破壞而奮起抗爭;無盡消費式的經濟型態,有著保守派政府的支持,造成環境遭受如此破壞。

  但對美國大多數的財團而言,他們每天還是照常做生意。他們會因為違反環保法規或污染土壤、空氣和水而被科以罰鍰,然而,財團對於這些罰鍰根本就不看在眼裡,因為他們有國會撐腰,甚至還可以透過減稅來減輕罰鍰對他們的影響。

  儘管環保運動在各地也有不少的捷報與收穫,即使是最保守的產業最終都得向民眾的吶喊屈服;然而,大眾傳播媒體對此常只有零星的報導,消費者團體也很少有獲勝的機會。因此,在財團大力推動公共關係與機械化行銷的情形下,環保團體並沒有討到什麼便宜。每天每刻,媒體、政府,甚至是我們所信賴的專家,他們都說著誘人的謊言,不管那些謊言是否高明,他們目的都是要向我們推銷一套,使我們陷入萬劫不復的生活方式。

  單是在美國,每天花在廣告的費用就超過200億美元,這些公司往往利用極戲劇化的效果,把自己描繪成關心環保的企業,他們付幾百萬美金給行銷公司,刻意進行誤導性的宣傳活動,他們不計任何代價,就是為了把我們引誘到消費主義的那塊「應許之地」。

我在這裡舉出某些戕害我們智慧與情感的例子。

科學教師大會

  每年都有將近1萬5千名的老師出席這場由國家科學教師協會所舉辦的會議,我也曾參加過其中的幾場會議。這些老師正是被財團金錢所誘惑的不幸例子。工業界及其公關部門大量地出席這些會議,想要把他們的每個行徑給正當化,從砍伐森林到滅絕物種,他們無不說得振振有辭,他們瞭解這是一個絕佳的場合,可以針對老師做宣傳,最終又可以影響我們的孩子。老師們在攤位前大排長龍,急切地想取得教材和講義。

  約翰•巴洛斯基檢視著在全國科學教師大會上所展示的教材。(照片提供「公關組織觀察」)

  「公關組織觀察」(PR Watch)是一個致力於揭發公關騙局的組織,教育人士約翰•巴洛斯基曾為該組織撰文表示:目前我們的環境教育正處於岌岌可危的境況。財團設立了許多課程與學程活動,這些課程不但專業、易學易用,而且常常是免費的;然而這些課程卻非常袒護工業界。巴洛斯基指出:「他們在販賣謊言,而教師們也購買這些謊言,被放進袋子裡的那些資料,其腐蝕性和農業局所推廣的殺蟲劑簡直不相上下。」

  其中最陰險的一項計畫叫做「專案學習樹」(Project Learning Tree, PLT),這些計畫負責提供一些由全世界教育學者認可的教材。事實上,「專案學習樹」是由美國林業基金會所贊助的;該基金會是一個公關組織,其背後成員絕大多數為非永續經營伐木的公司。「專案學習樹」的任務是推廣紙類製品,並推動森林砍伐與工業式管理。這些業者將魔掌伸入學校,提供另一種版本的環境教育,從托兒所到高中生都在他們的掌握之中,其影響範圍據稱已超過50萬名教育人員與2,500萬名學生。

  巴洛斯基提醒我們:「若要贏得這場戰爭,家長就必須扮演前線戰士的角色,他們必須要求:任何由企業提出的課程都得經過複審,就如教科書在被正式採用前的必要程序」;「在教育圈的財團掠食者,與那些販售香菸給我們小孩的人沒什麼不同。」


By Jackie Alan Giuliano, Ph.D. 

They are all children when they sleep.
There is no war in them.
They open their hands and breathe
in the slow rhythm given to humans by heaven.

Whether soldiers, statesmen, servants, or masters
they purse their lips like small children
and they all half-open their hands.
stars stand watch then and the arch of the sky is hazed over
for a few hours when no one will harm another.

If only we could talk with each other then,
when hearts are like half-open flowers.
Words would push their way in
like golden bees

God, teach me sleep's language.
-- Rolf Jacobsen, translated by Glenn Storhaug 

Each day, activists and concerned citizens around the nation are fighting to stem the tide of environmental destruction, fueled by an economy based on endless consumption of resources and supported by a conservative presidential administration.

Yet for most of corporate America, every day is business as usual. Penalties are paid for violating environmental regulations and poisoning our earth, air and water. Yet the penalties are not really of great concern to business and industry, since they are kept to a minimum by a supportive Congress and are even tax deductible.

Victories and gains are visible everywhere, and even the most conservative industry must eventually bend to public outcry. But the occasional investigative report by the print and broadcast media and infrequent victories by consumer groups are offset by the massive public relations and marketing machines of the corporate world. Every hour of every day, subtly and not-so-subtly, insidious messages are fed to us as the media, government, and even the professionals we trust try to sell us on a way of life that is killing us.

Every day, in the United States alone, over $200 million is spent on advertising. The environmental connections are dramatic. Marketing firms are paid millions of dollars to come up with intentionally deceptive campaigns that will lure us to the promised land of consumerism - at all costs.

Here are some examples of this assault on our intellects and our emotions.

Science Teachers Conventions

Every year, nearly 15,000 teachers gather at conventions put on by the National Science Teachers Association. I have been to a few of them, and they are tragic examples of the effects of the lure of corporate dollars. Industries and their PR groups attend these conferences in great numbers, trying to justify everything from deforestation to extinction of species. They know that this is the perfect venue for targeting America's teachers and, ultimately, our children. Teachers are so starved for materials and handouts that they flock to these booths.

John Borowski inspects materials on display at the National Science Teachers Convention(Photo courtesy PR Watch)

Educator John Borowski said in an article for PR Watch, a group dedicated to exposing public relations scams, said education about the environment is being assaulted. Corporations are creating professionally produced, easy to use, and usually free curricula and lesson plans that are incredibly biased in favor of industry. Borowski says, "They were selling lies, and the teachers were buying - quickly filling their bags with curricula as corrosive as the pesticides that the Farm Bureau promotes." 

A particularly insidious program is Project Learning Tree (PLT), a provider of environmental education materials that are universally embraced by environmental educators. But PLT is a program of The American Forest Foundation (AFF), a lumber company PR group that has as its members most of the clearcutters and destroyers of our forests. PLT works to promote paper products, logging and industrial management of our nation's forests. They offer this version of environmental education to students from pre-kindergarten to 12th grade and claim to have reached more than 500,000 educators and 25 million students.

Borowski reminds us, "Parents must assume the role of front-line warriors in this winnable war. They must demand that any curricula provided by corporate sources be reviewed, just like the process by which textbooks are reviewed prior to adoption." He says, "Corporate predators in education are no different than those who peddle tobacco to our children."

 
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