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台北國際社區廣播電台台灣環保系列之26
2000年5月8日星期一早上六點五十五分
作者：艾琳達(Linda Gail Arrigo) --綠黨台灣國際事務部負責人 (Green Party Taiwan International Affairs Officer)
大約一個禮拜前左右，4/26 ~ 4/28我參與一場在澳洲布里斯本舉辦的亞洲綠黨聯盟的預備會，預期該聯盟可於2001年4月份在坎培拉的全球綠黨會議正式成立。綠黨最主要始於歐洲，現今全球已有超過70個綠黨組織，並且在非洲和拉丁美洲更有該黨的組織聯盟。這整合的程序，當然是由設在歐盟這個大本營的綠黨所特別推動的。在歐盟，綠黨雖然規模小，也有不少政黨聯合，且佔有超過12席內閣閣員。這次布里斯本會議主要是由瑞典及德國綠黨協力籌募舉辦的。
除了仍維持西方民主制度的澳洲和紐西蘭綠黨外，目前亞洲已正式成立的綠黨，僅有蒙古、台灣和尼泊爾。共有17個國家代表出席這次布里斯本會議，有些國家雖然仍未成立綠黨，但已有相當長的環境運動歷史，及獻身於此的環保人士。在大部份的狀況下，如果有一定的民主程序的話，透過多數大型的政黨來推行環境運動，會比這些規模很小的綠黨來執行的好。
台灣綠黨，成立於1996年1月，曾一度認為是亞洲第一個有綠黨的國家，但在這次會議中，才知道蒙古早比我們捷足先登好幾年了！蒙古綠黨早在多政黨民主開放後，於1990年成立，黨內雖無當選的國會議員，但仍屬聯合政權的一部分。儘管蒙古已於1921年宣佈獨立，中華民國仍聲稱蒙古是其中一部份之領土。台灣綠黨和蒙古綠黨簽署相互尊重其主權和領土的契約書而解決這個問題。
蒙古綠黨代表，歐爾索得 勃姆-加拉葛契打算角逐明年大選。這次他擔任蒙古平原之旅的導遊時，也正籌畫他在蒙古遊牧民族的選區。因為蒙古仍保有社會主義者所留下的風貌，境內國土全為人民所有，並且也有儆效性的環境法規。他表示若他發現採礦公司污染河川時，他可以用法院的禁止令來抵制他們。遊牧民族特別關切他們的動物所賴以維生的水源和牧草，所以很感激他的工作。他所帶領的歐洲觀光客在遊牧民族的蒙古包內落腳並待上個幾天，也喜歡觀察他整理工作。所以為蒙古賺取外匯和建立蒙古綠黨中有個適當的協調。
在布里斯本會議的討論中，很快地發現到像澳洲、和日本這些先進國家中綠黨的政治家比較注重在正式國民大會的程序。他們需要投票表決來停止採鈾業(澳洲)、核能計劃及焚化爐等相關議題，但是他們的生活品質早已完善的管理好了。在日本有一個由當地選出代表的彩虹綠色聯盟，未來可以成立為綠黨。New calidonia仍是法國的領土，雖居住相當少的人民，但受採鎳業的威脅。而大部分的20萬人口並不喜歡對保留礁石和自然美景所做的努力。一位 New calidonia環保人士的房子已被燒毀了2次。
另一方面，在如泰國和菲律賓等人口眾多、較未開發之國家裡，廣大的人口幅員仍然從事於賴以生存的農耕和直接農業活動，環境運動也多著重在社會公義;他們關心的是在議題上的直接行動，諸如水壩、伐木業等，這些都會危及到農民和當地居民的生計。他們承襲部分前共產主義運動的影響，但自認為較不具教條主義的路線。泰國的Mr. Prachar Hutanueatra 特別關切維持村莊社區的完整，與建立和居住城市的精英不同的教育制度，並一再重申自給自足和節約的傳統價值。Mr. Roberto Verzola 在1996年徵募約40 個願意獻身的工作者成立菲律賓綠黨；他表示要為社會公義和環境做長期的抗衡。其中有一項計劃是要統整森林居民來抵制伐木業，連同他們生活所需之燒用木炭也必須改變以以森林能夠更新。
我們希望台灣可在不久的未來成為亞洲綠黨聯盟的主辦國。
這是艾琳達為台灣環保發言
環境信託協會 (曾秋莉 譯 李欣哲 朱敬平審校)
中英對照全文詳見：http://news.ngo.org.tw/reviewer/
linda/re-linda000508.htm
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ICRT (International Community Radio, Taiwan)
Taiwan Huan Bao #26 for May 8, 2000 Monday 6:55 AM
Linda Gail Arrigo, Green Party Taiwan, International Affairs Officer
A week or so ago, April 26th through 28th, I participated in a preparatory meeting for an Asian Green Parties Federation, held in Brisbane, Australia. It is expected that the Federation will be formalized at the Global Greens meeting in Canberra, April 2001 (contact: margaret.blakers@aph.gov.au). The Green Parties for the most part started out in Europe, but now there are over seventy Green Parties throughout the world, and there are already federations of the African and Latin American parties. This process of organization is especially promoted, of course, by the large base of Green Parties in the European Union; there, Green Parties, though small, are in many ruling coalitions and hold over a dozen ministry posts. The Brisbane meeting was funded largely by Swedish and German Greens.
Aside from the Green Parties in Australia and New Zealand, which are basically still Western democracies, the only formal Green Parties in Asia so far are in Mongolia, Taiwan, and Nepal. In all, seventeen countries and territories were represented at the Brisbane meeting, and among these several countries had environmental movements with long history and devoted activists, although not yet a Green Party. It seems to be the general case that environmental movements tend to work through multiple larger parties, if there is a democratic process, rather than exclusively through dedicated Green Parties, which are still very small.
Green Party Taiwan, founded January 1996, had thought that we were the first in Asia, but we found out at the meeting that Mongolia beat us by many years. The Mongolian Green Party was founded in 1990 right after multiparty democracy was opened up, and although it has no elected parliamentarians it is part of a ruling coalition. The Republic of China still claims Mongolia as part of its territory, although Mongolia has been independent since 1921. Green Party Taiwan and the Mongolian Green Party fixed that by signing a memorandum of mutual respect for sovereignty and territory.
The Mongolian Green Party representative, Mr. Olzod Bum-Yalagch, plans to run next year in elections in his country, and he is preparing his constituency among Mongolian's nomads during his trips to the plains as a tour guide. Since Mongolia still has the legacy of a socialist country, all the land is publicly owned, and there are exemplary environmental laws. He says that he can get an injunction against mining companies when he discovers them polluting the rivers. The herding nomads, who are very much concerned about pasture and water for their animals, appreciate his work. The European tourists, whom he takes around and settles in yurts for a few days' stay with the nomads, like observing his organizing work, too. So there is a felicitous synergy between earning foreign exchange for Mongolia and building the Mongolian Green Party.
It was soon apparent in our discussions in Brisbane that Green politicians in the developed countries such as Australia and Japan are more concerned with formal parliamentary procedures. They need votes to stop uranium mining (Australia) and nuclear plants and incinerators, but the quality of life is already pretty well managed. Japan has a Rainbow Green alliance of local elected representatives that could become a Green Party. New Caledonia, still a French territory, is threatened by nickel mining though sparsely populated. But most of the population of 200,000 does not appreciate efforts to save the reefs and natural beauty. One environmental activist in New Caledonia has had his house burned down twice.
On the other hand, in populous, less developed countries like Thailand and the Philippines where a large portion of the population is still in subsistence farming and direct agricultural activity, the environmental movements are more focussed on social justice; they are concerned with direct action on issues such as dams and logging that are crucial to the livelihood of peasants and indigenous peoples. They have inherited some of the force of the former communist movements, while avowing a less dogmatic line. Mr. Prachar Hutanuwatra of Thailand is concerned with reaffirming the traditional values of self-sufficiency and frugality, to keep village communities intact, and creating an educational system different from that of urban elites. Mr. Roberto Verzola recruited some forty dedicated activists to found the Philippine Greens in 1996; he envisions a prolonged struggle for social justice and environment. One project is to organize forest-dwellers against logging, but their own charcoal-burning subsistence must also be changed to allow forest renewal.
We hope that Taiwan will play host to the Asian Greens Federation in the near future.
This is Linda Gail Arrigo for Taiwan Huan Bao. |
