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[生活的未來-環境與經濟]每週評論:拯救我們的世界 

晦暗的末日預言:反環保人士用來分散群眾注意力的方式 (上)

 

Healing Our World: Weekly Comment

Doom and Gloom Forecasts: Anti-Environmental Distractions

作者 傑奇艾倫•朱利安諾 博士
2000年10月27日 (ENS)

讓你的心平靜而乾淨,
別讓它被貪婪污染,
現在清理還為時不晚。
--凱拉•史班瑟,8歲,科羅拉多州

只要空間持續存在,
只要生命持續存在,
我也將存在著,
持續驅散這世間的苦難。
--十四世達賴喇嘛最喜愛的祈禱

  許多保守派政府官員、企業領導人及一般老百姓認為,要保護短期的利潤,必須有所犧牲。對這些人來說,保育生態系、物種、及維護人們的健康,不是什麼做好生意的考量。

  然而,他們所認定的環保運動將造成經濟崩潰、大規模失業、及空前的企業虧損等的駭人預言,從未實現。

  保守勢力製造恐懼及欺瞞群眾的例子相當多,以下便是一些實例:

森林資源

  1991年5月,聯邦地方法院下令禁止在華盛頓、奧勒岡、和加州北部的面積共2千4百萬英畝17處國有林地內,進行木材販售,直到美國林務局能確保北美斑梟族群數達到生存安全為止。

  保守勢力便開始在受禁令影響的各州散佈恐懼,宣稱有15萬工人將失業,而數百個社區將成為經濟災區。他們還預測這段不景氣需到數十年後才能恢復。

  一群資金充裕,叫做「明智使用運動團體」的保守團體,使得這群住那些以林業為主要收入的城鎮的工人與其親人,感到憤怒及恐懼。

  這些錯誤的資訊,造成林業工人家庭與環保人士間的敵對關係,許多貓頭鷹(多半不具斑紋)被殺,然後被釘在聯邦辦公室外,或綁在卡車網架上來表達他們對法院命令的公開反抗。

  當時布希總統1992年巡視該區,他對木廠工人說:「除了只擔心瀕危物種,現在該是我們擔心瀕危的工作機會的時候了。」奧勒岡州國會議員鮑伯•史密斯也警告說:「減少伐木會將我們帶到黑洞的最底部去。」

  回顧從前,我們看到了與當時預言非常不同的結果。儘管國有林地伐木量下降了91%,相對於1988年到1998年的伐木高峰,伐木量也下降了52%,與林業相關的就業人數卻只下降15%。事實上,該區的就業人數增加了31%。

  最近由山巒協會(Sierra Club)發出的一份報告,標題為「用青翠來評估森林」,其中描述,伐木量下降並未如預測而影響經濟的原因,主要有三點:一、 林業在美國經濟體中並不為重要或影響根本的角色。二、 相較於其它快速成長的產業來看,林業對經濟的重要性正在縮減。三、 減少國有林地伐木,對休閒或生態保育活動相關的經濟活動,有顯而易見的正面影響。

傑奇艾倫•朱利安諾博士,是作家及老師,他住在西雅圖。請將你的想法、評論和願景告訴他,可以寄信到jackie@healingourworld.com 或參觀他的網站 http://www.healingourworld.com/

原文網址: http://ens.lycos.com/ens/oct2000/2000L-10-27g.html

版權歸屬Environment News Service(ENS),環境信託基金會 (林以楠 譯,徐怡德 蔡麗伶 審校)

中英對照全文:http://news.ngo.org.tw/issue/ecoeco/2001/issue-ecoeco01050301.htm

By Jackie Alan Giuliano, Ph.D.
October 27, 2000 (ENS)

Keep your heart clean with peace.
Don't get it dirty with greed.
It is not too late to clean it.
-- Kaila Spencer, Age 8. Friends' School, Colorado.

For as long as space endures
And for as long as living beings remain,
Until then may I too abide
To dispel the misery of the world.
-- His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama's favorite Prayer.

Many conservative government officials, industry leaders and citizens believe that any sacrifice is warranted to protect short term profit. To these people, preserving ecosystems, species and human health does not make good business sense.

However, all their dire predictions of the collapse of the economy, widespread unemployment, and unprecedented corporate losses due to environmental preservation activities have never materialized.

Examples abound of fear mongering and deception by conservative forces.

Here are a few examples:

Forest Resources

In May of 1991, an injunction from a Federal District Court banned timber sales on 24 million acres in 17 national forests in Washington, Oregon and northern California until the U.S. Forest Service could guarantee the safety of the northern spotted owl population. 

Conservative forces spread fear throughout the affected states, predicting that 150,000 workers would lose their jobs and that hundreds of communities would become economic disaster areas. They predicted a depression that would take decades to recover from.

Workers and their families from towns where the main income base had been the lumber industry were made angry and fearful by well funded, conservative groups collectively known as the Wise Use Movement.

Their misinformation created an adversarial relationship between timber families and environmentalists. Many owls - most not spotted - were killed and nailed to federal offices or strapped to the grills of pickup trucks in open defiance of the court orders.

Rolling over the Earth (Photo (courtesy Adbusters.org) 

Then President George Bush told mill workers when he toured the area in 1992 that "it is time we worried not only about endangered species, but endangered jobs." Oregon Congressman Bob Smith warned that reducing logging "will take us to the bottom of a black hole." 

As we look back, we see outcomes very different from those predictions. Although timber harvests fell 91 percent on federal lands and 52 percent from their peak from 1988 to 1998, employment in timber related industries fell only 15 percent. In fact, total employment in the region actually rose 31 percent. 

A report recently released by the Sierra Club called "Seeing the Forests for their Green," says that there were three main reasons that the timber cutbacks did not effect the economy as predicted:

1. The timber industry does not play a significant, foundational role in the American economy.

2. The economic importance of the timber industry is shrinking compared to faster growing industries.

3. Leaving federal forests unlogged has demonstrable, significant positive impacts on the economy from recreation and ecosystem health activities.

[Jackie Alan Giuliano, Ph.D. is a writer and teacher in Seattle. Please send your thoughts, comments, and visions to him at jackie@healingourworld.com and visit his web site at http://www.healingourworld.com/]

http://ens.lycos.com/ens/oct2000/2000L-10-27g.html

 

 
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