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ENS每週評論:救治我們的世界

Healing Our World: Weekly Comment

我們可以選擇生活 (上)

We Can Choose Life 


作者:傑奇•艾倫•朱利安諾 博士

小溪流著溫和的旋律,
遠離凡塵與世俗;
樹梢來回搖擺讓我感到疲倦。
森林荒涼、世界廣闊,
我的心清澈又寬廣;
蒼白的孤獨讓我枕在她膝上。
-- Rainer Maria Rilke,英譯 M.D. Herter Norton

  當美國總統與副總統告訴我們保育並不重要,太空戰爭是我們下一個行動的第一優先;在這樣的政治氛圍當中,很容易令人變得沮喪,覺得世界上最有權力的一艘船,它的舵手已經發狂。

  不過,事實是,我們都有力量去行動、去改變、去革命我們和大自然之間的關係,以及人與人之間的關係。不需要別人許可才能作此選擇。

  寶寶第一次看到瀑布。(照片提供 傑奇•朱利安諾,於2001年某日)

  從太空俯瞰地球的畫面鼓舞了數百萬大眾,但也讓我們更能了解,我們一直將我們所從出的這顆星球當作是無限制的超級市場又兼污水下水道。我們從中萃取物質作為資源;把同樣生長在地球上的物種鄰居限制在柵欄或倉庫中,牠們不是奴隸就是食物;並以我們的化學知識創造物質,而其產生的副產品又反過來毒害我們的基因。

  以今日的技術,我們已有能力創造永續行動-如果我們想要這麼做的話。但這樣的事實不會自動發生。貪婪改造了部分的地球,帶給多數人安逸以及給少數人錢財。或許前途看起來佈滿困難,但這其實是選擇的問題罷了。你的選擇是什麼?

  我們身邊處處是選擇,之所以未曾注意到,是因為生活中塞滿了令人分心的事物。瓊安娜•梅西,一位偉大的環境學者、心理學家、以及佛學教師,她形容我們生活的時代為「大轉變」(The Great Turning)。她認為大轉變可以分為三個層次。

展開行動

  人類在世界各地發起行動,減緩了對地球及生物的傷害,此為「大轉變」最顯而易見的面向。這些行動包括了保衛地球團體的政治遊說,對毀滅性產品的杯葛,以及那些紀錄著文化中非永續性選擇所造成的影響的個人作品。

分析原因,並創造出替代制度

  「大轉變」的第二個層次為從以往被忽略的層次去嘗試了解世界的運作方式。包括去了解,是什麼力量創造了令人厭惡的財富且集中少數人身上,數百萬兒童卻正在受苦甚至死亡。全世界的社區正團結起來,挑戰少數者擁有權力、其他人必須受苦的觀念。認知到我們的生活方式,當中有許多方面與生命相互矛盾,新的生存方式從而出現,正如梅西所言:「如同綠芽衝破石礫堆冒出頭來。」

世界觀及價值觀的基本轉變

  梅西提醒我們,如果沒有那些根深蒂固的價值觀支撐,任何一種有害的制度和行動都無法獨自存活。這些價值觀根基於與大自然完全的隔離,堅持地球只是資源來源,提供我們創造感官舒適;而舒適又再加深隔離。此種自我滿足的進程確保了階級系統的存在,並提供這種觀點存在所需的能源。

  我們被教導要害怕,而恐懼可以被購物與一份幫忙製造商品的穩定好工作平息。這保證讓少數人成為超級富翁,剩下的我們則繼續工作,然後去買他們的商品。

  伊努族人要求原住民權利的抗爭。(照片提供 Innu Nation

  但是,轉變正在發生,暴露了這些價值觀真正的面目-為少數人的富有而設計的毀滅性倫理;同時其他人則徘徊著尋找棲身之所。全世界的人們正在把先祖遺訓與科學思想融合,你不會在晚間聯播新聞中聽到相關新聞;但他們確實存在,致力於改變我們認知世界的面相。如果想從「工業革命」掐住地球的手掌中脫逃出來,我們就需要這種洞察力。

  「大轉變」的第三種元素,需要我們對以往教導我們定義自己的方式徹底地重新思考。我們應該學著將定義自己的方式擴大,包括我們的家庭、朋友、週遭的生物,與生態系統。我們沒有必要這麼孤單。


By Jackie Alan Giuliano, Ph.D.

The brook has gentle melodies,
and far is dust and city;
the tree-tops are swaying to and fro
and making me so weary. 
The wood is wild, the world is wide,
my heart is clear and big;
pale solitude is holdingmy head upon her lap.
-- Rainer Maria Rilke, translated by M.D. Herter Norton 

In the midst of a political climate in which the U.S. president and vice president are telling us that conservation doesn't matter and that war in space is our next big priority, it is easy to become disheartened, to feel that the helm of the most powerful ship in the world is running amok.

The reality is, though, that we all have the power to act, to change, to transform our relationships with the natural world - and with ourselves. We don't need approval from anyone else to make that choice.

Baby sees his first waterfall. (Photo by Jackie Giuliano ?2001)

Seeing our Earth from space has inspired millions. But it has also made crystal clear that we use the planet of our birth like an infinite supermarket and at the same time as a sewer. We extract materials to use as resources, confine our neighbor species into pens and warehouses and use them either as slaves or as food, and use our chemical knowledge to create materials the byproducts of which poison us at the genetic level.

Yet we have the technological power to create sustainable practices today, if we want to. But that can't happen automatically. Greed churns parts of the Earth into comforts for many, cash for few. It may feel like these pathways are set in stone, yet they are really all about choice. What do you choose? 

Choices are happening all around us, yet we may not notice because of all the distractions that fill our lives. Joanna Macy, a great environmental scholar, psychologist, and Buddhist teacher, describes the time in which we live as The Great Turning. She says that this time has three great aspects.

Holding Actions

Actions taken by people all over the world that slow the damage to the Earth and its beings are the most visible dimension of the Great Turning. They include the political lobbying done by groups defending the Earth, the boycotts of destructive products, and the writing done by individuals who are documenting the effects of the non-sustainable choices of our culture.

Analysis of Causes and the Creation of Alternative Institutions

The second aspect to the Great Turning is a dimension of attempting to understand how the world works on a level that has previously been ignored. This involves understanding what forces are at work that create obscene wealth for a few while millions of children suffer and die. Communities are banding together around the world to challenge the notion that for some to be powerful, others must suffer. From the recognition that many aspects of our way of living are incompatible with life, new ways of being are springing up, as Macy says, "like green shoots pushing up through the rubble."

Fundamental Shift in Worldviews and Values

Macy reminds us that none of the harmful institutions and practices can exist on their own without being sustained by deeply ingrained values. These values, based on a profound separation from the natural world, insist that the Earth is a source of resources to create perceived comforts for us, comforts that increase the separation. This self-sustaining process ensures that a system of classes will exist to fuel the fire of this view.

We are taught to be afraid and that the fear can be quenched with purchases and good solid jobs in industries that manufacture goods. This guarantees that a few will be super rich while the rest of us work to make and then buy their goods.

Protest for indigenous rights of the Innu people (Photo courtesy Innu Nation)

But shifts are taking place that are exposing these values for what they are - destructive ethics designed to make a few very rich while the rest of us wander in search of home. People all over the world are merging ancestral teachings and scientific thought. You won't hear about these people on the evening network news, but they are out there, working to change the face of how we perceive our world. Those insights are necessary if we are to free ourselves from the grips of the Industrial Revolution that is choking our planet.

This third element of the Great Turning requires a solid rethinking of how we have been taught to define ourselves. We can learn to expand our definition of who we are to include our family, our friends, and the creatures and ecosystems around us. We don't have to be so lonely.

 
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