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[生活環保]每週評論:救治我們的世界

剝皮就是剝皮-使用任何皮革都是不對的 (上)

 

Healing Our World: Weekly Comment

Skinned is Skinned: There Is No Correct Leather

 

作者 傑奇•艾倫•朱利安諾 博士

只要宇宙仍在,
只要萬物尚存;
我都將恪遵慈愛之道,
以挽救天下蒼生之苦。
--第十四世達賴喇嘛祈禱文

  很多人認為使用毛皮製品沒什麼大不了,因為他們以為這只是食品工業中所必然會產生的副產品。即使是不吃肉的人,其中有些人也認為,反正動物總是要死的,我們如果不用他們的毛皮,擺著也是浪費。

  但是如果我們知道實際的皮革交易情形,我們恐怕就不會如此心安理得了。皮革生產可能是世界上對待動物最殘忍、也最不必要的惡劣行徑,對動物所造成的痛苦遠大於其它的活動。

  光是在美國,這些自機械化飼養場所生產的牛、豬、及羊等肉品,每年就要害死7千到8千人,甚至更多,同時有數百萬人因食用被污染的肉類而罹患疾病。

  就環保的角度而言,這類肉品製程會產生致命污染,影響世界各地的供水。這是因為,被動物排泄物污染的地表逕流入地下水層,進而使得硝酸鹽在地下水質中累積。

(編按:M.KARREMANN出生於德國南部,曾榮獲兩次最佳保護動物獎,14歲即投身於動保工作。除了經濟動物,實驗用等動物被凌虐的景況也經KARREMANN的追蹤、調查、拍攝後,一再曝光。請參考 http://home.kimo.com.tw/dencho/
nolimit/nolimit05.htm

  目前屠殺動物的過程已令人不忍卒睹,很多動物都是活生生地被支解,因為要在屠宰前電暈他們實在是太浪費時間了。

  有越來越多的人開始瞭解到,這幾十年來人類大量消費肉品,只是讓原本就不健康的人更不健康而已。甚至連美國聯邦政府都修改了飲食建議,鼓勵民眾在飲食上要減少肉類攝取的份量。這在當時還曾引起美國兩大團體的抗議,肉品諮詢委員會以及美國乳製品委員會,他們都曾為此在國會進行強力的遊說。

  目前在超級市場的肉品,已被檢驗出受到荷爾蒙激素、抗生素及其它藥品所嚴重污染,原因是這些化學藥品被用來刺激家畜的生長。

  即使在罹患癌症比例一向比較低的發展中國家,當西方國家的速食店大舉入侵並在這些國家設立連鎖店時,該地民眾的罹癌率也開始升高起來。

  如果我們考慮到,生產肉品過程的殘暴行徑、飼養與食用動物肉類對環境與健康造成的巨大影響,以及化學藥品如何被注入動物體內,那麼我們可能就很容易地認為,拒絕肉品與皮革製品會是一項明智的選擇。但是,一般人可能很難做出如此困難而又情緒化的抉擇。我們之所以無法放棄吃肉,是因為人類長期自外於自然世界,也未能考慮動物的生命週期所致。

  在美國,皮革是一種成功與富裕的象徵,穿上這些被我們所屠宰的動物毛皮,正代表著我們有權力宰制整個自然世界。毛皮,意味著我們與自然世界正漸行漸遠,也象徵毛皮製程本身的殘酷。

  今日的肉品工業已經無法只靠銷售肉類來自給自足,而是必須仰賴毛皮的銷售,才使其仍有利可圖。殺害動物並取其毛皮,其價值一共佔了該動物製品價值的55%,而牠們的肉反而不是最重要的;因此皮革絕不是屠宰場生產的一種無害副產品,肉類工業可是靠著銷售毛皮才能繼續經營呢。

  所以,你家沙發或車子裡面的皮製品是哪裡來的?要用很多張牛皮,才能拼湊出一張沙發,這些牛皮通常來自於肉牛或乳牛。肉牛通常都用不自然的方式飼養,一般是用雞糞或其牠動物的內臟做成飼料,混合大量穀類與其它添加物(包括鋸東西留下來的渣屑),直到把這些牛養成1千或1千2百磅為止。

  乳用牛可能就更糟了,很多人都未曾想過這個問題,但是要讓一隻乳牛一年到頭都分泌乳汁,唯一的辦法當然就是讓牠們經常懷孕。有些農人會把人工合成的生長激素注入乳牛體內,以增加牛乳產量。一旦母牛生了小牛,農夫會立刻把小牛帶走,若是母的就被放在牛欄裡,若是公的就會被鎖在陰暗的木箱裡等著被做成小牛肉,當這些小牛出生16週要被屠宰成小牛肉時,那時他們通常都已經嬴弱不堪,而且還不良於行。

傑奇•艾倫•朱利安諾博士,是西雅圖的教師兼作家。他正在準備迎接兒子的出生。他想知道:如何在這個不安的世界,讓兒子能夠健康地成長。請將你的想法、評論與觀察寄到以下的信箱給他:jackie@healingourworld.com,或是造訪他的網頁如下:http://www.healingourworld.com

原文與圖片詳見:http://ens-news.com/ens/jun2001/2001L-06-08g.html

版權歸屬Environment News Service(ENS),環境資訊協會(陳潁峰 譯,黃媺雯 審校)

中英對照全文:http://e-info.org.tw/issue/surround/2001/issue-surround01080201.htm

By Jackie Alan Giuliano, Ph.D

For as long as space endures
And for as long as living beings remain,
Until then may I too abide
To dispel the misery of the world.
-- Favorite prayer of Tenzin Gyatso, His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama

Many people labor under the erroneous assumption that leather products are acceptable because they are a necessary byproduct of the food industry. Even if you choose not to eat meat, some believe that since the animals are going to die anyway, why not use the products rather than let them go to waste.

The reality of the leather trade trashes these comfortable notions. Leather production may be the cruelest, most unnecessary of all evils perpetrated upon our animal neighbors, causing more suffering than any other practice.

Meat from factory farmed cow, sheep, pig and goat industries kills 7,000 to 8,000 people or more each year in the U.S. alone, and millions are made sick from eating contaminated meat.

Environmentally, meat production results in life threatening pollution in water supplies around the world from a buildup of nitrates in the groundwater which is tainted by runoff polluted with fecal matter.

The cruelty of the slaughtering process is well established. Many animals are butchered alive due to inefficient processes for rendering them unconscious before they are killed.

More and more people are realizing that eating so much meat has been compromising the health of an already unhealthy population for decades. Even the federal government has revised its food recommendations to lessen the amount of meat recommended in a diet, amidst great opposition from two of the most powerful lobbies in the country - the Meat Advisory Board and the American Dairy Council.

Meat tested in supermarkets has been found to contain measurable levels of the growth hormones, antibiotics and other drugs used to raise cattle.

People in developing countries, where cancer rates are historically low, begin to develop the cancers found in the West when fast food burger chains set up shop.

When you take into account the horrific cruelty of the meat production process, the huge environmental and health impacts of raising and eating meat, and the pharmacopeia of drugs that make their way into the meat, you might think that it would be an easy decision to stay away from meat and leather products. Yet this is probably one of the most difficult and emotionally charged decisions a person can make. The attachment to meat is rooted in our profound separation from the natural world and the cycles of life.

Leather is a symbol of success and affluence in the United States. Having the means to wear the skin of a being that has been killed is a deeply rooted sign of power over the natural world. Leather symbolizes our distance from nature as well as the cruelty of its production.

Today's meat industry is not sustainable on its own, and it relies on skin sales to remain profitable. The skin of a slaughtered animal accounts for 55 percent of the value of the products of that animal other than meat. Leather isn't a harmless slaughterhouse byproduct. The meat industry relies on skin sales to stay in business.

So where does that leather in your sofa or car come from? It takes the skins of many cows to make one sofa. That leather from cows comes from cows raised for both beef and milk. Cows raised for beef are fed an unnatural diet chicken feces, rendered remains of other animals, high-bulk grains, and other fillers, including sawdust, until they weigh 1,000 to 1,200 pounds.

Dairy cows may have it worse. Most people never think about it, but the only way to get milk year round from a cow is to keep her constantly pregnant. Some farmers inject cows with synthetic growth hormones to increase production. Once cows give birth, their calves are traumatically taken away within days. The females are added to the dairy herd, and the males are chained in tiny, dark crates to be raised for veal. When veal calves are slaughtered at about 16 weeks old, they are often too sick or crippled to walk.

Jackie Alan Giuliano, Ph.D. is a writer and teacher in Seattle. He can be found preparing for the birth of his son, wondering how to keep him healthy in this troubled world. Send your thoughts and ideas to him at jackie@healingourworld.com and visit his web site at http://www.healingourworld.com 

 
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