| 儘管非洲南部包括14個國家的供水情況各有差異，但就整體而言，該地區仍十分缺水，而且所面臨的水資源短缺問題日趨嚴重。缺水問題由於以下兩方面的原因而變得更加惡化：一方面是人們渴求充足用水量的生活方式與日俱增；另一方面是該地區的人口增長率相當高（雖然最大的人口增長來自用水量不多的較貧窮的社會階層）。該地區多數地方屬於乾旱地區或半乾旱地區。旱災已成家常便飯，該地區大多數地方都由於水分蒸發而遭受數量巨大的水資源損失。估計在2025年之前，世界各地居住在用水緊張的國家的人數會增長10倍，達到約30億，其中大多數人居住在非洲和南亞。
非洲南部的主要河流流域數量：15兩個或兩個以上國家共用的主要河流數量：15非洲南部現有的以及提議之中的重大水流改道或運水計劃的數量：26非洲南部的國家中用水總量低於平均每人每天50公升的國際標準的國家：7非洲南部的國家中用水總量高於平均每人每天50公升標準的國家：南非、納米比亞、波札納，以及尚比亞
南非人口中目前平均每人每天用水量低於50公升的百分比估計值：25-45%通過管道輸送到南非黑人居住區索維托的水因漏水和其他"原因不明的用途"而損失掉的水所占百分比的：50%通過管道輸送入波札納鄉村地區而損失掉的水所占百分比：20-40%每戶家庭利用屋頂集水系統在雨量達到30毫米的暴雨期間可以收集到的降雨水量為：1200公升
1991年，南非採用高效率的滴灌系統所占灌溉農業的百分比：9%1991年，以色列採用同樣方式的農業所占百分比：48.7%在納米比亞，每一立方米水的用於農業所帶來的潛在收入：N$0.6-N$3在那裏，同樣的一立方米水用於旅遊業所帶來的潛在收入：N$50納米比亞在過去的25年中用水量的增長為：352%在全世界前50個以海水淡化技術提供該國家主要用水的國家中，非洲南部國家所占的數量：1南非中部因全球變暖而導致夏季降雨量減少的百分比估計值：10-20%南部非洲各國因全球變暖而造成的土壤水分蒸發蒸騰率增加的預期百分比：5-20%
版權歸屬 國際河網IRN 環境信託基金會 (陶俊 譯，吳國玢、陳維立
審校)
中英對照全文：http://news.ngo.org.tw/issue/water/
issue-water-irn00121101.htm
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Although Southern Africa includes 14 countries with a wide range of water availability, the region as a whole is water- poor, and increasingly facing water shortages. The problem is exacerbated by growing demand for water-rich lifestyles as well as high population growth (although the biggest increases in population come from poorer segments of society, who use relatively little water). Most of the region is classified as either arid or semi-arid. Droughts are common, and much of the region experiences very high losses of water from evaporation. It has been estimated that the number of people living in water-stressed countries worldwide will increase tenfold by 2025, to some 3 billion, most of whom live in Africa and South Asia.
Number of major river basins in Southern Africa: 15 Number of these major rivers that are shared by two or more nations: 15 Number of present and proposed major water-transfer schemes in Southern Africa: 26 Number of Southern African nations with total domestic water use below the international standard of 50 liters per person per day: 7 Southern African countries with total domestic water use above 50l/person/day: South Africa, Namibian, Botswana, Zambia
Estimated percent of South Africa's population which currently gets less than 50l/person/day: 25-45 Percent of water piped to South African township of Soweto that is lost to leaks and other "unaccounted uses": 50 Percent of water piped to rural villages in Botswana that is lost: 20-40 Amount of rainfall that can be caught per household using a rooftop catchment system during a storm that delivers 30mm of rain: 1200 liters
Percent of South Africa's irrigated agriculture that used efficient drip-irrigation systems in 1991: 9 Percent of Israel's that did: 48.7 Potential income from one cubic meter of water used for agriculture in Namibia: N$0.6-N$3 Potential income if that same cubic meter of water is used to support tourism: N$50 Increase in water use in Namibia in past 25 years: 352% Number of Southern African nations in the list of the top 50 nations producing the most fresh water from desalination: 1 Estimated percent decrease in summer rainfall over central South Africa as a result of global warming: 10-20 Expected percent increase in evapotranspiration rates across Southern Africa from global warming: 5-20
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