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好萊塢的綠十字軍:電視製作人蘿莉•大衛(上)

Hollywood Golightly
An interview with Hollywood eco-crusader Laurie David
 

作者:阿曼達•葛里康 (Grist Magazine專欄作家)
 

By Amanda Griscom
16 Jun 2004
 

  有些人對好萊塢圈子裡的環保人士有些刻板印象:他們不是那些不過想沾沾時髦環保風氣附庸風雅一般的人,就是四處推銷保護動物理念的人。不過,和蘿莉•大衛(Laurie David)東拉西扯閒聊一番之後,你可能會改變這樣的想法。

  蘿莉剛進入演藝圈的工作,主要是幫美國脫口秀名嘴大衛•雷特曼(David Letterman)物色喜劇演員,結果遇上了她的丈夫賴瑞•大衛(Larry David)──電視影集「歡樂單身派對」編劇、HBO自製影集「Curb Your Enthusiasm」編劇兼演員,不過當時賴瑞不過是個無名小卒,巴望著能排上蘿莉的演員名單,上場五分鐘也好。蘿莉之後繼續為HBO和MTV製作喜劇特別節目,為20世紀電視公司發展情境喜劇。沒想到,在好萊塢闖蕩十幾年後,蘿莉的觸角從好萊塢伸向不同的領域──環境運動。

  1999年,蘿莉擔任「自然資源防護協會」(NRDC)理事一職,開始在家中舉辦生態沙龍,發揮影響力,教育好萊塢的大明星,說服他們打開心胸──和他們的荷包。至今她已經幫環保組織募款數百萬美元,打動過湯姆•漢克斯、傑克•布萊克(「搖滾教室」男主角)等當紅巨星,說服他們利用自己的巨星身份揭竿而起,倡導環保。她也試著運用媒體推廣燃料節約觀念,和華府評論作家哈芬頓(Arianna Huffington,著有《如何推翻政府》)合作發起「底特律計畫」(Detroit Project),製作反休旅車廣告引起話題。

  蘿莉承認,她這種主流的環保意識並不需要犧牲好萊塢式的生活水準,她是第一個敢這麼坦白的人。她雖然開著豐田的省油車Prius,但也不諱言自己擁有超大的房子和衣櫥,也經常坐飛機飛來飛去。她說,時候到了,環保主義該放棄自命清高的態度了。

  Grist Magazine來到紐約的半島酒店訪問蘿莉。她到此是為了主持一場由「前進」組織(MoveOn.org)舉辦、和高爾進行全球暖化對話的市民辯論會。

Those who are quick to snub Hollywood environmental activists as dabblers in eco-chic or peddlers of a pet cause would likely have a change of heart after shooting the breeze with Laurie David.

David began her career booking comedians for David Letterman and met her husband Larry David -- co-creator of Seinfeld and creator and star of Curb Your Enthusiasm -- when he was a no-name angling for a five-minute spot in her lineup. She went on to produce comedy specials for HBO and MTV and develop sitcoms for 20th Century Television. More than a decade into her Hollywood career, David turned her Tinseltown savvy toward a very different kind of client -- the environmental movement.

After signing on as a member of the board of trustees of the Natural Resources Defense Council in 1999, David began holding influential eco-salons in her home to educate the leading lights of Hollywood, persuading them to open both their minds and their pocketbooks. She has since helped to raise millions of dollars for green organizations and convinced everyone from Tom Hanks to Jack Black to hoist the environmental cause up the flagpole of mega-stardom. And she has worked to promote fuel efficiency among the masses by producing catchy anti-SUV ads for the Detroit Project, a campaign she cofounded with Arianna Huffington.

Still, David is the first to admit that her mainstream brand of environmentalism does not require sacrificing a Hollywood standard of living. Though she wouldn't be caught dead driving anything with lower gas mileage than a Prius, she offers no apologies for her super-sized house, her extensive wardrobe, or her frequent-flyer lifestyle. It's time, she says, for environmentalism to lose its purer-than-thou attitude.

Grist caught up with David at the Peninsula Hotel in New York when she was in town to moderate a MoveOn.org town-hall meeting on global warming keynoted by Al Gore.

問:妳先生有次在「自然資源防護協會」的活動上說了一件好笑的事情,他說他對妳的第一印象是「一個拜金、自戀、膚淺而胸部又大的長島姑娘……但是短短幾個月之後開始覺得有些改變。蘿莉開始在談話中提到臭氧層、永續林業、有毒物質排放等等……而現在最糟糕又最明顯不過的是,我這個全世界最膚淺的男人,賴瑞•大衛,跟一個環保人士結婚了。」

  跟我們說說妳那綠色靈光乍現的一刻是怎麼來的。

答:有一次我與巴比•甘迺迪(即Robert Kennedy, Jr.)一起吃早餐,用完餐離桌之後,我就變了。故事是這樣的:「歡樂單身派對」由製片公司Castle Rock製作時,亞倫•洪恩(Alan Horn,華納總裁)和勞勃•萊納(Rob Reiner,家庭喜劇名導)也在那家公司,而且也已參與NRDC多年。我跟他們說我有點想知道環境上的議題,問他們是否能推薦一個值得參與的團體。他們說我一定要見見甘迺迪和約翰•亞當斯(John Adams,NRDC主席)。所以當他們來到洛杉磯的時候,便安排了我和賴瑞與他們一起共進早餐。

  甘迺迪談論到環保的時候,他把這當作是一個公民權的問題,的確也是這樣沒錯。我對他的見解起了共鳴。這讓我整個改變了。

問:那他究竟說了什麼?

答:沒什麼特別印象,那大概是十年前的事了,我只記得那時候的感受。不過我們的確談過全球暖化、河川和海洋污染、農藥、還有毒物等問題。

  重點在於每個人都應該有權利擁有乾淨的空氣和水,就如同人們有權擁有負擔得起的醫療照顧,有權享有種族平等。有什麼比健康的權利還要更基本的?在哈林區(紐約黑人區)每4個黑人小孩就有一個因為污染而患有氣喘──這就是公民權的問題,是一個環境正義的問題,也是人類的基本議題。

  那頓早餐過後我就對自己說,好吧,不要再管電視節目製作了。我現在的正職是為NRDC工作,幫助他們去做那些必須去做的工作。

問:這一兩年你似乎逐漸加快步調,不斷地刺激好萊塢、籌款、並且把這些問題帶入主流意識。

答:嗯,頭兩年我主要在自我教育。我開始很讀很多書。有成堆的好書要讀,像約翰•彌爾(John
Muir)的著作、陶德.衛金森(Todd Wilkinson)的林業書,另外馬克•赫茲加德(Mark Hertsgaard)的《地球奧德賽》(Earth Odyssey)也是重量級作品。我開始在報紙裡尋覓環境相關文章,其他的新聞都不看了。我也開始參加NRDC的簡報會議,我會和海洋專家一起吃午餐,學習海洋的問題,然後我也閱讀城市擴張問題…就這樣下去。

  之後我開始在自家辦活動給別人作簡報。我會選一個主題,邀請甘迺迪現身說法。我們舉辦了一場討論,討論另外一方是如何運用公關公司、誤導的訊息、偽科學家、不實廣告、以及漂綠動作等手段。我們也討論過農藥的問題。一開始我會邀請50個人,接著50個人就變成100個,然後就變成150人。

問:所以妳的任務是讓更多人重視環保問題嗎?

答:與其說是任務不如說是直覺。在吃完那第一頓的早餐之後沒多久,我看過甘迺迪在某人的家中演講,那時現場差不多有12個人。看到人數這麼少,我很驚訝,我說,這個人應該跟幾千個人演說才對。所以我構思了一項「地球呼叫洛杉磯!」活動,上個月才剛辦過!

問:[笑]地球呼叫洛杉磯!

答:那口號賴瑞想出來的。活動吸引了好幾千人,綜藝雜誌Variety報導說這是除奧斯卡金像獎以外最大型的藝界活動。到場的有3位電影公司總裁、一位電視公司總裁,每個經紀公司都有人到場。我們光那一晚就為NRDC募到了300萬美元。

問:在個人方面,妳的生活在這些經歷之後有何改變?

答:我對於這種事情的哲學是:這不是全有全無的問題。很多人有那種態度:你開一台省油的車,那你的大房子呢?這個呢?那個呢?我剛剛才在寶拉•藏恩(Paula Zahn)的節目上被問起這個問題。我並不是想要在每個地方都達到完美的境界,我們是不完美的人;但是我強烈的認為如果每個人都做一件好事的話,地球將會變得更好。我也會盡量在個人生活中做一件以上的好事。

問:除了Prius以外還有什麼呢?

答:當然有,我不斷告誡我的小孩沖澡不要沖太久,刷牙時不要讓自來水流太多等等。每一張紙的兩面我都會用來影印或傳真。我像走火入魔一樣作資源回收。另外,因為我很多衣服都是乾洗的,我會帶一個裝衣服的袋子去乾洗店,那樣就不會浪費可拋式的塑膠套了。

問:為什麼不乾脆減少衣櫥內的衣服或是搬到一間比較小的屋子?或者少用乾洗的環保效果比節省塑膠袋好?甚至房子小一點所節省的空調能源,會比開一台Prius還要省得多?

答:每個人都必須在生活方式和如何減少資源浪費之間,找到屬於自己的平衡點。如果環保動作要變成主流,必須要捨棄自命清高或是全有全無的態度。必須要很務實才能讓每個人都能接受。如果把完美當作標準的話,我們只能讓極端的人去實現。

  是啊,我有一棟大房子,但是我用它來聚集數百個人來組成環保沙龍。那並不是要把房子的大小合理化,但是它的確創造了傳播知識的機會也為了環保募款,全是為了環保的大目標好。是啊,我一向都可以少買衣服並少乾洗,但是重點不一定是在於你還能多做些什麼─我們都可以多做很多─重點是我們做自己應做的部份。我想,就算我有大房子和很多衣服,我還是在做我該做的那部份。 (待續) 

Q: Your husband made a hilarious speech at an NRDC event in which he described his early impressions of you as "a materialistic, narcissistic, superficial, bosomy woman from Long Island ... But then after a few short months I began to sense that something had changed. She started peppering her conversation with words like ozone layer, sustainable forestry, and toxic runoff ... what was now all too painfully obvious was that I, Larry David, the shallowest man in the world, had married an environmentalist."

Tell us about your eco-epiphany.

A: I sat down to breakfast with Bobby Kennedy and I got up from that table and I have not been the same since. Alan Horn and Rob Reiner, who were at Castle Rock where Seinfeld was being produced, had been involved with the NRDC for many years. I told them I had inklings about wanting to learn about the environment and asked if they could recommend a group to get involved with. They said you need to meet Bobby Kennedy and [NRDC President] John Adams. So when they came out to Los Angeles, they set up a breakfast for Larry and I to meet them.

When Bobby talks about the environment, he frames it like a civil-rights issue, and it is. That resonated with me. It rearranged me completely.

Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., tells it like it is.(Photo: Alex Berliner)

Q: So what did he say?

A: Nothing specific that I can remember. It was like 10 years ago. I'm sure we talked about global warming and rivers and oceans and pollution and pesticides and toxins. What I remember is the mood.

The gist was that everybody should have the right to clean air and water the way they should have the right to affordable health care and racial equality. What's more basic than the right to health? One in four black kids in Harlem has asthma because of pollution -- now that's a civil-rights issue. It's an environmental-justice issue. A human issue.

I walked away from that breakfast and I said, OK, forget TV producing. My full-time job is now to work on behalf of the NRDC and to help them do the work that needs to be done.

Q: Your work seems to have crescendoed in the last year or two in terms of galvanizing Hollywood, raising money, and bringing these issues into the mainstream.

A: Well, I spent the first two years educating myself. I started reading all of these books. There was a big pile of recommendations -- a John Muir book, a forestry book by Todd Wilkinson. Mark Hertsgaard's book Earth Odyssey was also a major influence. I started combing the newspaper for environment stories and blocking out all the other news. I started going to briefings for NRDC. I'd have lunch with the oceans people and they would teach me about oceans issues. Then I would read about sprawl issues. And so on.

Then I started doing events at my house to brief other people. I would pick a topic and Bobby would come out. We did a session on how the opposite side was using PR firms and misinformation and false scientists and false advertising and greenwashing. We did a session on pesticides. I would invite 50 people and 50 turned into 100 people and then it turned into 150 people.

Q: So is your mission to draw ever-bigger crowds to the environmental cause?

A: It's not so much a mission as a gut instinct. Soon after that first breakfast, I had seen Bobby speak at someone's house and there were about 12 people there. I was just horrified that he was speaking to 12 people. I said, this man should be speaking to thousands of people. So I created this event called "Earth to L.A." which we just did last month.

Q: [Laughter.] Earth to L.A.!

A: That was Larry's title. There were thousands of people. It was reported in Variety as the biggest industry turnout since the Oscars. There were three motion picture presidents there, a television network president, every agency there. And we raised $3 million in one night for NRDC.

Q: On a personal level, how did your life change as a result of these experiences?

A: My philosophy about this stuff is, it's not all or nothing. A lot of people have that attitude: So you drive a fuel-efficient car, what about your giant house? What about this, what about that? I just got asked that on Paula Zahn and I was like, I'm not looking for perfection in any of this. We're an imperfect people. But I really feel strongly that if everyone did one thing, we would be well on our way to a better planet. And I try to do more than one thing in my personal life.

Q: What else beyond the Prius?

A: Of course, I'm obsessed with telling my kids, no long showers and don't run the water too much when you brush your teeth. I always use both sides of the paper for printing and faxing. I recycle obsessively. And since I get a lot of clothes dry-cleaned, I take a garment bag to the dry cleaner so I don't waste the disposable plastic covers.

Q: But why not shrink your wardrobe or move to a smaller house, given that less dry-cleaning would do more for the environment than saving the plastic bags? Or that the energy saved in heating and cooling a smaller house could be more substantial than what you save driving a Prius?

A: Everybody has to strike their own balance between how they want to live and how they can reduce their impact. If the environmental movement wants to be mainstream, it has to lose its purer-than-thou, all-or-nothing attitude. It has to be pragmatic enough to bring everyone onboard. If perfection is the measure, we will fail to appeal to anyone but the fringe.

Sure, I have a big house, but I use it to gather hundreds of people for eco-salons. That's not to justify the size of it, but it does create opportunities to spread knowledge and raise money for the greater environmental good. Sure, I could always cut down on clothes and dry-cleaning, but the point is not necessarily what more you could do -- we could all do more -- the point is that we do our part. And even with the house and clothes, I think I can do, and am doing, my part.


全文與圖片詳見:
http://www.grist.org/news/maindish/2004/06/16/griscom-david/
版權歸屬Grist Magazine,台灣環境資訊協會 (賈德揚 譯,謝璦竹 審校)
中英對照譯稿請見:http://e-info.org.tw/topic/greenman/2005/gr05050401.htm

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