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整合式集水區管理：管理集水區的一種方法，整合所有可能受到影響的各方看法、需求，以及集水區的組成部分諸如土地和水產資源等等。
整合式資源規劃（IRP）：一個公眾參與規劃過程，其檢驗資源需求方和供應方的成本和收益，開發方法將資源利用的總成本降到最低。這也包括透過一種方式，即衡量新的基礎建設所導致的環境損害，以便確定「低成本高效率」的替代方法。
流域內調度：將水從原來的水域輸送至另一個水域的水利工程。有時這類工程會將物種從一條河流引入另一條河流，這樣就破壞了生態平衡；它還會減少被引水的河流水量。
大壩：水壩建造業將其定義為高度高於15公尺的水壩。
MW：電力單位，一個MW相當於1000[瓦千]，或足夠點亮10,000盞100瓦的燈泡。
不可重複使用的水：蓄水層或其他天然水庫中的水，無法經由水循環得到補充，或補充得非常慢，以致人類抽取過多的水時，將導致枯竭。
雨水收集：透過收集地表、岩堰下的或小盆地裏的雨水來蓄水，而進行耕作的技術。
經調節的河流：透過建築壩體改變自然水流模式的河流。
可重複使用的水：可以在合理的時間內由水循環不斷補充抽取水量的淡水，如河流、湖泊或由降水或流水積滿的水庫中的水。水資源的可重複使用性取決於它的自然補充速度和人類取用水的速度。
河岸的：與河流或溪流的岸有關的。例如，「河岸植群」。
（編按：又稱濱溪植群，進一步資料請參考台灣特有生物保育中心網站
http://www.tesri.gov.tw/content6/
column28.htm）
河流的生態系統：受到河流及其氾濫平原在生物和環境上造成影響的地區。
河流復育：對河流生態系統所受到的生物學損害進行修復的工作。這些工作可包括：重新種植森林及河畔植物，拆除水壩、恢復河流的水流量，透過拆除防洪堤和水利建物去恢復氾濫平原的自然功能，以及減少污染源。
河流道水壩：一種將上游水位提高，但只圍成小型蓄水庫且不能有效調節下游河水流量的水壩。儘管人們往往認為與帶有大型水庫的水壩相比，這種水壩產生的環境衝擊較小，而實際上這種「河流道水壩」已對各種不同地區的漁業造成嚴重的損害。
逕流（量）：流入水道而不是被土壤吸收的雨水（量）。
逕流耕種：旱地的耕作方式，將坡道上徑流下來的水引至坡下的農田，使田中土壤的含水量達到飽滿的極限。
土壤鹽化：土壤中鹽份的積累至有害植物生長的程度。這是由於灌溉農田的土壤表面的水分蒸發所致。
沈積：水中微小顆粒的沈澱堆積；這會降低水壩的有效功能。
小型水壩：從地基到壩頂的距離少於15米的水壩。
小型水力發電站：通常定義為電力裝置容量不超過10兆瓦的水力發電站。
永續的水資源利用：維持人類社會能夠在無限期的將來得以繼續並且繁榮興旺，而又不會對水循環過程及依賴水循環的生態系統之完整性造成損害的用水方式。
支流：在同一流域內匯入主幹河流的較小河川和溪流。
廢水：工業或家庭已經使用過的水，不經處理就不再適合使用的水；即污水。
水循環：請見「水文循環」。
水的收集：收集雨水的各種方法，作為與當地供輸水系統相連接的替代或補充方法。
浸飽水的（狀態）：土壤裏的水份含量達到飽和狀態。
缺水：根據水文學家越來越趨於一致的意見，當一個國家可重複使用淡水的年供應量低於平均每人1,000立方米時，這個國家就面臨著缺水狀況。這樣的國家預估會經歷長期而且大規模的缺水過程，進而阻礙其發展。
流域：請見集水區
水資源壓力：當一個國家可重複使用淡水的年供應量在平均每人 1,000至1,700立方米之間時，這個國家就面臨著水資源壓力。此類國家預計會經歷暫時的或局部的缺水。
地下水位：地下水的表面（位置）。如果水用得比補充的快，地下水位就會下降，因此地下水位的下降是一種非永續用水方式的指標。
濕地：季節性或永久性地浸在水面下的地區，通常都很適合動物居住。濕地還可截留住污染物質，使其他水體不致於受污染，因此有「天然濾水器」的功能。濕地也有助於減少洪水泛濫，因為它們能攔截住大量逕流。然而，世界上的濕地面積一直在大幅度地減少，這是因為人們。
【文章連載】
■河流看守員手冊詞彙表 (上) (下)
版權歸屬 國際河網IRN，環境資訊協會（陶俊 譯，李傑、李瑞玉 審校）
中英對照全文：http://e-info.org.tw/issue/water/2001/is-water-irn01122401.htm |
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integrated catchment management: an approach to catchment management that integrates the views and demands of all affected parties, as well as all components of the catchment, e.g. land and aquatic resources.
integrated resource planning (IRP): a public planning process to examine the costs and benefits of both demand- and supply-side resources, to develop the least-total-cost mix of utility resource options. Includes a means to weigh environmental damages caused by new infrastructure and indentifying cost-effective alternatives.
interbasin transfer: Water projects that take water from one watershed to another. Sometimes these projects can introduce species from one river to another, thus upsetting ecological balances. Also reduces flow in the river from which the water is taken.
large dam: defined by the dam-building industry as a dam measuring 15 metres or more in height.
megawatt: a unit of power equal to 1000 kilowatts, or enough to power 10,000 100-watt light bulbs.
nonrenewable water: water in aquifers and other natural reservoirs that are not recharged by the hydrological cycle or are recharged so slowly that significant withdrawal for human use causes depletion.
Rainwater harvesting: farming technique which conserves water by collecting rainwater run-off behind earth or rock weirs or in small basins.
regulated river: river of which the natural flow pattern is altered by damming.
renewable water: Fresh water that is continuously replenished by the hydrological cycle for withdrawal within reasonable time limits, such as water in rivers, lakes, or reservoirs that fill from precipitation or from runoff. The renewability of a water source depends both on its natural rate of replenishment and the rate at which the water is withdrawn for human use.
riparian: of or relating to the banks of a river or stream. For example, 'riparian
vegetation'.
riverine ecosystem: zone of biological and environmental influence of a river and its floodplain.
river restoration: the practice of repairing ecological damage to riverine ecosystems. Practices may include replanting forests and streamside plants, removing dams, restoring the amount of water for instream flows, restoring natural flood-plain functions by removing levees and buildings, and reducing sources of pollution.
run-of-river dam: dam which raises upstream water level but creates only a small reservoir and cannot effectively regulate downstream flows. Although such darns are often thought to have smaller environmental impacts than dams with large reservoirs, run-of-river dams have done serious harm to fisheries in various places.
run-off: rain which drains into a watercourse rather than being absorbed by soil.
run-off farming: dryland farming which maximizes available moisture by directing water running off slopes onto fields below.
salinization: the accumulation of salts in soil to a harmful level. It is caused by the evaporation of water that sits on the soil surface of irrigated fields.
sedimentation: settling of small particles in water. Can reduce the effectiveness of dams.
small dam: a dam measuring less than 15 metres from foundation to crest.
small hydro: usually defined as a hydroplant with an installed capacity of up to 10 megawatts.
sustainable water use: the use of water that supports the ability of human society to endure and flourish into the indefinite future without undermining the integrity of the hydrological cycle or the ecological systems that depend on it.
tributaries: smaller rivers and streams which join the main river in the same watershed.
waste water: water that has been used by industries or households and is unfit for use without treatment; sewage.
water cycle: see hydrological cycle.
water harvesting: various methods of catching rainwater, as an alternative or supplement to tying into local water delivery systems.
waterlogged: the saturation of soil with water.
water scarcity: According to a growing consensus among hydrologists, a country faces water scarcity when its annual supply of renewable freshwater is less than 1,000 cubic metres per person. Such countries can expect to experience chronic and widespread shortages of water that hinder their development.
watershed: see catchment.
water stress: A country faces water stress when its annual supply of renewable freshwater is between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic metres per person. Such countries can expect to experience temporary or limited water shortages.
water table: the surface of groundwater. Can drop if water is used faster than it is replaced, and is therefore one indicator of unsustainable water use patterns.
wetland: area of land which is seasonally or permanently waterlogged. These areas are usually very high in animal life. They also act as "natural filters'" by immobilizing pollutants so they cannot contaminate other bodies of water, and help reduce flooding by intercepting large amounts of runoff. The world's wetlands have been greatly reduced by people trying to create more arable or buildable land.
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