BY MICHELLE NIJHUIS
10 Aug 2004

　　雖然這位前任的美國山巒協會執行長、地球之友和地球島嶼協會的創立者─布勞爾於2000年與世長辭，但他的精神將垂世不朽。他成立了布勞爾基金會，藉由每年的布勞爾青年獎來培育新的環保運動領導者。獲獎者年紀從13歲到22歲不等，由地球島嶼協會所推舉的環保人士遴選產生。他們可得到3,000美元的獎金，和來自優秀環境鬥士的建議和忠告。

　　2004年的六位獲獎者所參與的環保運動各有所不同。他們參與保護古森林、提倡潔淨能源、使環境保護的議題得到全國的注意，或者盡他們所能在前輩已努力的基礎上，持續尋求發展。

夏狄亞•伍德(Shadia Wood)

圖片：夏狄亞•伍德 (圖片來源：地球島嶼協會)

　　當夏狄亞兩歲時，她位於紐約州的家鄉─紐波特被預定為垃圾掩埋場。就在地方發起的抗議活動之前，她的母親在一個紙袋上挖出了眼窩和袖孔，加上「不要倒在我身上」的標語，並宣稱她的女兒隨時都可以在一些政治劇表演。「那是我第一次的行動。」現年17歲，已有豐富經驗的環境鬥士伍德說道。　　她目前是擔任「孩子不要污染」（Kids Against Pollution）團體的全國青少年發言人，同時也花了將近5年的時間來遊說議會將預算重新挹注在一個整治州內汙染最嚴重地區的計劃──「紐約州超級基金」。伍德在有毒廢棄物議題上表達強烈的態勢：「終有一天這些廢棄物會影響我和我們的孩童。我不希望汙染變得比我誕生在這個世界時更加嚴重。」伍德經常拜會州議會大廈，遊說支持超級基金法案。同時她的團體採取了有創意的行動，舉辦烤麵包拍賣會，和經營檸檬水的攤子，來賺取整治有毒廢棄物活動經費。她說：「我們會將所賺到的錢拿給州長，並告訴他這筆錢是為了超級基金的。」付出終究有了代價，在2003年超級基金法案在議會通過而成為法律。「我從沒想過它真的會通過」伍德說道，「當它真的發生時，我好驚訝，然後我就在想『好，接下來要通過的法案是什麼呢？』」

　　目前伍德剛進入高中就讀，並且參加了一個促進紐約瓶罐回收立法的運動。

Though Brower -- former executive director of the Sierra Club, founder of Friends of the Earth and the Earth Island Institute -- passed away in 2000, his legacy lives on: He established the Brower Fund, which cultivates new environmental leaders through the annual Brower Youth Awards. Award winners -- aged 13 to 22 -- are chosen by a panel of activists organized by the Earth Island Institute. They get a $3,000 prize, and ongoing advice and mentoring from top environmental activists.

This year's six winners are diverse in their activities; they're defending old-growth forests, promoting clean energy, helping get environmental protection back onto the national agenda -- and, of course, doing all they can to shape up their elders.

Shadia Wood

Shadia Wood.(Photo: Earth Island Institute.)

When Shadia Wood was 2 years old, her hometown of Newport, N.Y., was targeted for a landfill. Just before a local protest against the project, her mother cut eyeholes and armholes in a paper bag, added the slogan "Don't Dump on Me," and declared her daughter ready for some political theater. "That was my first action," says Wood, who at age 17 is now an experienced environmental activist.

She's served as the national youth spokesperson for the group Kids Against Pollution. She also spent nearly five years lobbying for the refinancing of the New York State Superfund, a program intended to clean up the state's worst contaminated sites. Wood takes a strong stand against toxic waste: "It will affect me one day, and it will affect our children. I don't want the world to be more contaminated than it was when I came into it." Wood made repeated trips to the statehouse, lobbying in support of the Superfund bill. And in an ingenious bit of activism, her group held bake sales and ran lemonade stands to earn toxic-waste cleanup dollars. "We'd send the money we raised to the governor and tell him it was for the Superfund," she says. Dedication paid off, and the Superfund bill became law in 2003. "I never really thought it would pass," says Wood. "When it did, I was so amazed, and then I thought, 'OK, what's the next bill?'"

As Wood enters her senior year of high school, she's joined a campaign to beef up New York's bottle bill.

漢娜•瑪克韓蒂（Hannah McHardy）

圖片：漢娜•瑪克韓蒂 (圖片來源：地球島嶼協會)

　　當漢娜•瑪克韓蒂知道在她家鄉西雅圖附近的原始溫帶森林是地球上最可能滅絕的雨林之一時，她便決定要把行動主義變成她學生生涯的一部份。在一位諾法高中老師─大衛•古德曼（她說，對她而言具有很大的啟發）的幫忙下，她成立了一個學生團體，叫做「生態正義」。這個團體加入了雨林行動網所舉辦的活動，去說服位在西雅圖的Weyerhaeuser公司停止砍伐古木。團體成員同時對諾法高中校內紙張使用進行研究，並找到一家願意提供學校價錢合適的回收紙張的公司。當學生向校方和學生提出他們研究成果時，全校立即採行了一項新的用紙政策：諾法高中現在全面使用用100%未經氯漂白的回收紙。

　　現年(2004年)18歲的瑪克韓蒂從此之後未放慢她的腳步。這個暑假她都待在「北極曙光號」──反對砍伐唐格斯國家森林的綠色和平組織所擁有的一艘船。「在和許多來自世界各地工作夥伴相處當中，我學到了不少。」她在寫給 Grist 的一封電子郵件中寫道。「他們當中的一些人從事環保運動比我活在這世界上的時間還要久得很呢！他們有些瘋狂的故事，很棒的建議，以及耐心來教我一些新事物。」

　　2004年8月她回到西雅圖之後，打算花一年時間當全職的環保鬥士，或許會繼續參加雨林行動網針對紙漿公司Weyerhaeuser的抗議行動。然後她會到大學唸書，在那她希望能夠研究環境教育。

比利•派利許（Billy Parish）

圖片：比利•派利許 (圖片來源：地球島嶼協會)

　　你可以說比利•派利許是主修行動主義的。自從他進入耶魯大學後，他便專心於學生環境運動。到了他成為耶魯環境組織的副主席時，他已經在潔淨能源和能源政策改革上有濃厚的興趣。同時，他開始深思更廣、更多的問題。「我了解到在這個地區有許多團體在能源議題上努力，但這些團體的努力未能有效的統整。」因此，在2003年他成立了「氣候運動」──一個由10個學生組織組成，代表了東北部地區的125所大學的團體。雖然這些組織可能在策略和觀點上意見不同，但他們在一個共同目標上達成了共識，那就是在各自的大學校園內應增加使用風力和其它潔淨能源。

　　「氣候變遷是個很重大的全球議題，但有時讓人們知道氣候變遷會造成什麼影響卻是很困難的。」派利許這麼說。「但是如果我們把它從全球拉到地區的角度來看，便有人會說『我不知道就大規模方面我能做些什麼，但如果我能讓我的學校使用乾淨能源的話，那這樣做是重要的。』」在緬因州的三所大學已經在使用百分之百的潔淨能源，而「氣候團體」的成員希望他們的工作能增加推動「綠色校園」運動的力量。2004年2月份在哈佛大學舉辦的東北部氣候會議吸引了超過400位當地的學生來參加。

　　2004年滿22歲的派利許，利用課外時間全心投入這項運動。他說：「我想這是份需要現在馬上去做的工作，而且我也喜愛這份工作。」(待續)

【文章連載】
■環保先驅布勞爾的徒子徒孫們 新一代環保鬥士臉譜(上)　(下)

Hannah McHardy

Hannah McHardy.(Photo: Earth Island Institute.)

When Hannah McHardy learned that the ancient temperate rainforests near her Seattle home were among the most endangered forests on the planet, she decided to make activism part of her education. With the help of one of her Nova High School teachers, David Goldman ("a huge inspiration and motivator," she says), she started a student group called Eco-Justice. The group joined a Rainforest Action Network campaign to convince Seattle-based Weyerhaeuser Co. to stop cutting old-growth trees. Group members also researched paper use at Nova High School, then located a company that was willing to supply the school with affordable recycled paper. When the students presented their study results to administrators and fellow students, the school promptly adopted a new paper policy: Nova now uses only 100 percent post-consumer waste, non-chlorine bleached paper.

McHardy, 18, hasn't slowed down since then. She's spending this summer on the Arctic Sunrise, a Greenpeace boat campaigning against logging in the Tongass National Forest. "I've learned so much, mostly by being around the incredible international crew," she wrote in an email to Grist. "Some of them have been activists longer than I've been alive, and they have mad stories, great advice, and the patience to teach me new things."

After she returns to Seattle later this month, she plans to spend a year as a full-time activist, probably continuing her work with the Rainforest Action Network's Weyerhaeuser campaign. Then she'll head off to college, where she hopes to study environmental education.

Billy Parish

Billy Parish.(Photo: Earth Island Institute.)

You might say that Billy Parish is majoring in activism: Since his first year at Yale University, he's been deeply involved with the student environmental movement. By the time he became co-chair of the Yale environmental group, he'd developed a particular interest in clean energy and energy-policy reform, and he started thinking big. "I realized there were a lot of great groups working on energy issues throughout the region, but the work wasn't being coordinated," he says. So in 2003, he founded the Climate Campaign, an umbrella group of 10 student organizations representing about 125 college campuses throughout the Northeast. Though these groups may disagree about strategy and philosophy, they've settled on a common goal: greater use of wind power and other clean-energy sources on their home campuses.

"Climate change is a gigantic global issue, and sometimes it's hard for people to see how they can have an impact," says Parish. "But if we take it from the global to the local, someone can say, 'I don't know what I can do in a large sense, but if I can get my campus to use clean energy, that's important.'" Three colleges in Maine already use 100 percent clean energy, and members of the Climate Campaign hope their network will increase the momentum of the green-campus movement. A February 2004 Northeast Climate Conference at Harvard University attracted more than 400 students from throughout the region.

Parish, now 22, has taken time off from school to work full-time for the campaign. "I feel like this is work that needs doing now, and I love it," he says.

■有關Grist Magazine：Grist Magazine是一線上環境雜誌，總部設在美國西雅圖。Grist Magazine嘗試以詼諧、幽默的角度來切入環境議題與行動，希望能在傳遞環境資訊之餘，也能夠娛樂讀者。

■本系列專訪中對答的部份，（）內的文字表示為原作者自行補充，以補足受訪者的談話內容。（Grist註）表示為Grist編輯群所加上的註解。（編按）表示為本報編輯部註解。