基改作物種不種？ 歐盟成員國將可自行決定

A political agreement on new legislation to allow EU member states to restrict, or ban, the cultivation of crops containing genetically modified organisms, GMOs, on their own territory, even if it is allowed at EU level, was reached by Parliament and Council delegations last night.

Starting next spring, member states will be able to ban GMOs stating environmental policy objectives as a justification. These objectives would relate to environmental impacts other than the risks to health and environment assessed during the scientific risk assessment.

Bans could also include groups of GMOs designated by crop or trait. GMO crops in Europe include: corn, soy, sugar beet and rapeseed, among others.

The agreement in principle comes after years of intense debate on this issue. Producers of GMO seeds and crops claim that the technology and the foods it producers are just as safe as naturally produced crops. They claim a scientific consensus supports their position.

On the other hand, the European Scientists for Social and Environmental Responsibilities (ESSER) said in October 2013 that “the claimed consensus on GMO safety does not exist” and “the claim that it does exist is misleading and misrepresents the currently available scientific evidence and the broad diversity of opinion among scientists on this issue.”

“The claim encourages a climate of complacency that could lead to a lack of regulatory and scientific rigour and appropriate caution, potentially endangering the health of humans, animals, and the environment,” ESSER said in a formal statement.

Environmental risks posed by genetically modified crops include the effects of Bt insecticidal crops on non-target organisms and effects of the herbicides used in tandem with herbicide-tolerant GM crops. ESSER warned, “As with GM food safety, no scientific consensus exists regarding the environmental risks of GM crops.”

Greenpeacers from Italy, Austria, France, Germany and Hungary, among other countries, have been campaigning against GMO crops for years, as have other environmental and public health organizations.

MEP Frédérique Ries of Belgium has been steering the measure through Parliament. “The agreement reached last night on the directive, which goes into effect Spring 2015, will ensure more flexibility for member states who wish to restrict the cultivation of the GMOs in their country,” she said.

The informal agreement reached last night is to be discussed in the member states’ Permanent Representatives Committee (COREPER) on December 10 and still needs to be backed by Parliament’s Environment Committee and the full House, as well as by member states. The legislation is expected to be voted in plenary in January 2015.

The EU’s new Health and Food Safety Commissioner Vytenis Andriukaitis of Lithuania welcomed the agreement. If it is confirmed, he said, “it would meet member states’ consistent calls since 2009 to have the final say on whether or not GMOs can be cultivated on their territory, in order to better take into account their national context and, above all, the views of their citizens.”