《詩經》白話新譯:〈衛風.氓〉 | 環境資訊中心
詩經白話新譯

《詩經》白話新譯:〈衛風.氓〉

2008年04月20日
譯者:賈福相

氓之蚩蚩,抱布貿絲。
匪來貿絲,來即我謀。
送子涉淇,至於頓丘。
匪我愆期,子無良媒。
將子無怒,秋以為期。

乘彼垝垣,以望復關。
不見復關,泣涕漣漣。
既見復關,載笑載言。
爾卜爾筮,體無咎言。
以爾車來,以我賄遷。

桑之未落,其葉沃若。
于嗟鳩兮!無食桑葚。
于嗟女兮!無與士耽。
士之耽兮,猶可說也。
女之耽兮,不可說也。

桑之落矣,其黃而隕。
自我徂爾,三歲食貧。
淇水湯湯,漸車帷裳。
女也不爽,士貳其行。
士也罔極,二三其德。

三歲為婦,靡室勞矣。
夙興夜寐,靡有朝矣。
言既遂矣,至于暴矣。
兄弟不知,咥其笑矣。
靜言思之,躬自悼矣。

及爾偕老,老使我怨。
淇則有岸,隰則有泮。
總角之宴,言笑晏晏。
信誓旦旦,不思其反。
反是不思,亦已焉哉!

 

布販子

棉布販子笑嘻嘻,抱了布匹來換絲。
其實不是來換絲,是來與我談婚事。
送你過了淇河水,到了頓丘才分離。
不是故意延婚期,是你沒有好婚禮。
你也不要發脾氣,就把婚期訂秋季。

登上一堵土墻,遙望復關方向。
不見你來,淚沾衣裳。
見你來啦,嘻笑揚揚。
你已占了卜筮,擇定了好日子。
駕車來吧,人和嫁妝跟著你。

年輕的桑樹,又綠又嬌嫩。
布谷鳥啊,不要貪吃桑葚!
年輕女子啊,不要貪戀男人。
男人愛了,隨時忘記。
女人愛了,愛一輩子。

桑樹枯黃,支離憔悴。
嫁到你家,貧苦受罪。
你把我送回娘家。
淇河的水沸沸,濺濕了我車帷。
我是始終如一,你卻三心二意。

嫁到你家三年,
任勞任怨——不得休閒。
現在家境好轉,
你就變了臉——醜惡兇悍。
自己兄弟不知情節,譏笑我罪有應得。
安靜下來細細想,暗自悲傷。

你曾說:「白頭偕老不分離。」
自己誓言已忘記。
淇水有岸,沼地有邊。
記得少年時,歡歡喜喜。
算了吧,往事不再追憶。

Cloth Peddler
Translated by Fu-Shiang Chia

A smiling peddler
Came to my house,
Wanting to exchange cloth for silk.
He did not intend an exchange…
He wanted to discuss marriage.
I crossed the River Qi with him.
When we parted at the Dun village, I said:
"I do not mean to delay the wedding date,
But your gifts do not suffice.
Please do not be angry with me.
Let’s decide on an autumn date."

Climbing up a dirt wall –
Looking toward Fu-kuan.
I cannot see you;
Tears flood my face.
When I see you coming,
I begin happily chattering.
You have consulted
The tortoise shells,
And have found a propitious date.
Come with your wagon –
Take me and my dowry.

When the mulberry tree is young, it is soft and tender.
Oh, doves, doves, do not be greedy for mulberries.
Oh, girls, girls, do not fall for a man too easily.
When a man falls in love, he can forget in a day.
When a girl falls in love, she falls for years and years.
When the mulberry tree turns old, it becomes brown and broken –
Since we married, poverty has been our lot.
You sent me back to my brothers.
The waves in the River Qi surge high and violently,
wetting my wagon curtains.
I have been faithful to you all along.
It is your mind, not mine, that waxes, wanes and waffles.

For three years we have been married.
I have never complained about household chores.
I rise at daybreak,
Go to bed late at night.
I have never been idle for a moment.
In spite of the comfort we have finally achieved,
You have become rough and rude.
My own brothers do not know the truth;
They lay the blame for our problems on me.
To calm myself, I think again,
Weeping in cold silence.

I hoped to marry for life,
But can no longer endure your cruelty.
The River Qi has its banks;
The swamps have their edges.
Remembering when I was a little girl –
My life was filled with laughter.
Once you swore: “Let us grow old together.”
You have betrayed your own oath,
Behaving like a tyrant.
Oh, there is no more to be said.
Stop thinking about the past.

桑(攝影:林炘)「桑」為落葉喬木或灌木。葉互生,卵形或闊卵形,長5-15公分,寬5-12公分,先端急尖至長尾狀,基部心形至淺心形,表面鮮綠色,葉背沿脈有疏毛,腋交叉處有簇毛;粗鈍鋸齒緣。花單性,雄花序下垂,長2-3.5公分,密被白色柔毛;雌花序長1-2公分,被毛。聚合果(椹果)卵狀橢圓形,長1-2.5公分,成熟時紅色或暗紫色。原產於華北和華中,現世界各地均有栽培。

桑是《詩經》中出現篇數最多的植物,共有20首、31句之多,涵蓋〈國風〉各篇以及〈小雅〉、〈大雅〉、〈頌〉,各體裁均有之。

桑樹為中國最早栽培的樹種之一,也是古時民宅附近最普遍的植物,「桑梓」一詞遂成為故鄉的代稱。桑樹的用途極廣,桑葉可用以養蠶,桑椹則味甜可食,既可救茺充飢亦可釀酒。桑板自古即為名藥;樹皮製紙,謂之「桑皮紙」。桑材緻密,古人常取之以為弓,即《禮》所謂的「射人以弧蓬矢……」;又可用於製造農具、器具、車轅等。古代視桑樹為重要的經濟生產指標,如孟子所言:「五畝之宅,樹之以桑,五十者可以衣帛矣」,單提桑樹而不說其他植物,可證其重要性。

自《詩經》、《楚辭》以降,每一朝代的文學作品無不提到桑樹。從唐詩、宋詞、元曲,一直到明清詩歌,都能找到吟誦桑樹的文句,桑樹與古人生活文化的密切關係可見斑。〈衛風〉「桑之未落,其葉沃若」,以桑葉的生長繁盛來比喻新婚的融洽;而「桑之落矣,其黃而隕」,則以桑葉枯黃落地的景象來比喻時過境遷、情人變心的淒苦。(本段植物解說文字摘錄自林業試驗所潘富俊研究員著作《詩經植物圖鑑》)