祕魯礦區命案 凸顯採礦與在地權益及保育衝突 | 環境資訊中心
國際新聞

祕魯礦區命案 凸顯採礦與在地權益及保育衝突

2009年11月17日
摘譯自2009年11月13日ENS祕魯,皮烏拉報導;王茹涵編譯;蔡麗伶審校

11月1日破曉時分,刺耳的爆炸聲和黃色火光打破了北秘魯皮烏拉區、望卡邦巴省高原和雲霧林的寧靜。這裡是幾近絕種高山貘的棲地。

亨利山(Henry Hills)採礦營突兀地位於這片秘魯安地斯山脈。該營地為里約布蘭科銅公司(Rio Blanco-Copper)所有,該公司前身為英國蒙特瑞科礦業的附屬的瑪哈斯公司(Majaz),目前為中國 「紫金礦業」子公司。
 
約20名帶著步槍和自製炸彈的武裝人員轟炸這個營地。攻擊者輕鬆制服兩個年輕警衛及營地管理人,三人死狀悽慘。

里約布蘭科銅和鉬礦床是世界最豐富的未開發銅礦資源。
 
這裡擁有秘魯僅存、也是數量最多的瀕危山地貘族群。此外這裡也有許多特有物種,大部分是世界保育聯盟(IUCN) 判斷的瀕危物種。
 
採礦營地附近有個2萬9500公頃的小型「塔巴科納-楠巴耶」生態保護區,保護如高山貘(Tapirus pinchaque)和眼鏡熊(Tremarctos ornatus)等瀕危物種。更重要的是,這裡也保護了這個高原地區的水資源。

假若礦業公司沒有堅持佔用這些農民的土地,年輕礦工的死亡悲劇本是可避免的。2007年9月這些社區進行公投,超過 95%的票數反對採礦計畫。

這些反對開礦的農民多年來被起訴、刑求甚至暗殺。農民對他們所受到的非法監禁、折磨和殺害伸張正義,但秘魯當局並沒有聆聽其訴求。在一件案例中,30多位農民被拘留與施以酷刑,且被指控為恐怖分子,只因為農人試圖與佔領包含森林和高原等當地領域的礦業公司進行對談。
 
換言之,該地區的社會意志和氛圍一直反對採礦;但礦業公司總是試圖減低和消除這些似乎根植於無知、落後階層所具有的抵抗性。
 
11月7日,秘魯首相宣布,鑑於最近發生的攻擊事件,政府將在營區設立一座軍事基地。此舉使得礦業及其他類似公司,在望卡邦巴省與阿亞瓦卡省占領當地社群土地的行為完全正當化。

這些社群的領域包含了僅存高山貘族群的棲地;當地具有世界上獨特、豐富的生物多樣性和考古價值,但現在面臨消失的危機。

士兵很有可能被命令消除高山貘,因為身為瀕危物種的牠們很可能使該地區規劃中的露天開採活動被禁止。

INSIGHTS: Death at Dawn in a Peruvian Mining Camp
By Alejandro Zegarra Pezo , PIURA, Peru, November 13, 2009 (ENS)

On November 1, in the paramo and cloud forest of Huancabamba, Piura Department in northern Peru, Harsh detonations and yellow refulgence break the calm of a chilly dawn in this presently occupied habitat of the nearly extinct mountain tapir.

Here, the mining encampment of Henry Hills is incongruously located high in the Peruvian Andes. The camp is owned by Rio Blanco-Copper, a subsidiary of the Chinese company Zijin, formerly Majaz subsidiary of Monterrico of England.

An estimated 20 armed persons with their rifles and Molotov cocktails bombard this encampment. The assailants easily bring down two young guards, as well as the administrator of the encampmen. They die terrible deaths.

The Rio Blanco copper and molybdenum deposit is one of the largest undeveloped copper resources in the world.

Here remains one of the last and certainly the largest population of the nearly extinct endangered mountain tapir in Peru. Many endemic species also occur here, a large portion of which are endangered with extinction as judged by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.

Near the encampment is the small national Tabaconas Namballe Ecological Sanctuary of 29,500 hectares that protects endangered species such as the mountain tapir, Tapirus pinchaque, and spectacled bear, Tremarctos ornatus. Of hallmark importance also are the water resources of this highland area.

The deaths of these young miners are lamentable and could have been avoided had the mining company not persisted in occupying campesino community land. The communities here rejected the mining projects in a democratic referendum on September 2007 by more than 95 percent.

These same miningesisting campesinos have been subject to persecution and even torture as well as assassinations for years. The campesino demands for justice concerning their illegal incarcerations, torturing's, and killings have not been fairly heard by Peruvian authorities. In one case, over 30 campesinos were detained and tortured, accused of terrorism simply for trying to dialogue with the miners that were occupying their territories that contain forests and paramos.

In other words, the social will and ambience of this region has always been against mining, yet the mining companies always try to minimize and dismiss this resistance as having roots in ignorant, non-progressive classes of people.

On November 7, the President of the Council of Ministers Javier Velasquez announced that in view of the recent attack, the government of Peru would install a military base in the zone of the encampment. This would guarantee that the mining company, and other similar companies, could act with total impunity as concerns their infringements upon the communities of Yanta in Ayabaca and Segunda-Cajas in Huancabamba.

These are the communities whose land contains the greatest center of remaining occupied mountain tapir habitat along with a plethoric biodiversity and archeology, both unique in the world ?but now at great risk of being obliterated from the face of the Earth.

It is not out of the question that the soldiers would be given an order to eliminate the mountain tapirs, since their presence as an endangered species in the zone could prohibit the open pit mining activities being planned.

全文及圖片詳見:ENS

作者

蔡麗伶(LiLing Barricman)

In my healing journey and learning to attain the breath awareness, I become aware of the reality that all the creatures of the world are breathing the same breath. Take action, here and now. From my physical being to the every corner of this out of balance's planet.