氣候變遷高峰會預計於12月1日到12日於波蘭的波茲南（Poznan）展開，離2009年在丹麥哥本哈根兩年為期的國際氣候變遷會議正好過了一半。
會議的結果預計取代效用有限的京都議定書，某些國家對於京都議定書中工業國家的溫室氣體排放量目標不甚滿意，不論如何它也會於2012失效。
但在京都議定書第一年的生效期間，工業國家只能減緩溫室氣體的排放，還是無法達到停止、甚至是減少溫室氣體的產生。
根據聯合國於11月17日提出的報告，40個工業國家的溫室氣體排放量於2000~2006增加了2.3%，不過仍然維持在1990年基準的5%之下。
至於小部分於1997年承認京都議定書中減排目標的工業國家，2006年的溫室氣體排量大約是1990年基準的17%之下，但是在2000年之後仍是成長之勢。
2000年之前的減排來自於1990年代東歐和中歐國家的經濟衰退。
「在工業國家中近期最大量的溫室氣體增加，是來自開發中國家的經濟體，於2000到2006造成7.4%的溫室氣體增加。」聯合國氣候變遷大會（UNFCCC）的執行秘書第博（Yvo de Boer）表示。
在京都議定書中的減量目標必須透過國內減排、由土地使用變更和植林活動產生的排碳額度和由另外三個由市場決定的彈性機制：碳排放交易、合作執行計畫和乾淨發展機制。
「這些數值完全低估了聯合國必須在波茲南協商中取得良好進展的緊急必要性，必須儘速設計出回應氣候變遷挑戰的新協議。」第博這樣表示。
美國總統當選人歐巴馬不會參加波茲南會談，甚至不以觀察員的身份加入，第博之前曾表示希望歐巴馬能參加這場會談，「在波茲南會談中，不會有歐巴馬的代表出席」，他在德國舉行的一場線上記者會表示。
第博觀察了所有的資料，包括了京都議定書協議期間的2008~2012年的二氧化碳排放限量，這樣的資料已經用於簽訂京都議定書國家間的碳交易上。
「排放限量已經不是紙上談兵了，他們是即時的全球碳市場的一部份，我們看到了碳交易市場是可行的，而這個是一個重要的訊息，至少對波茲南會議來說。」
擁有192會員的UNFCCC的會員幾乎涵蓋全球，也是京都議定書的原生條約，而京都議定書今天擁有了183個參與會員。
在京都議定書下的37個國家，其中還包括了工業國和市場經濟體的轉換中國家，其排放量的限額和減量的承諾是具有法律效力的。
這兩個協議的最終目標都是穩定大氣中溫室氣體的濃度，以預防人類活動對氣候系統的危險干涉。
Climate change talks set for the Polish city of Poznan from 1 to 12 December come half-way through a two-year negotiating process to forge an international climate change deal in Copenhagen, Denmark next year.
Talks are supposed to result in a replacement for the limited Kyoto Protocol with its greenhouse gas emissions targets for industrialized countries that is unsatisfactory to some countries, and which expires anyway in 2012.
But in this, the first year of the Kyoto Protocol's commitment period, industrialized countries have only been able to slow the emission of climate-heating greenhouse gases, but have not been able to halt, let alone reverse them.
According to United Nations figures released Monday, greenhouse gas emissions of 40 industrialized countries rose by 2.3 percent between 2000 and 2006, although they remain about five percent below the 1990 level.
For the smaller group of industrialized countries that ratified the 1997 Kyoto Protocol setting reduction targets, emissions in 2006 were about 17 percent below the Protocol旧 1990 base line, but they still grew after 2000.
The pre-2000 decrease stemmed from the economic decline of transition countries in Eastern and Central Europe in the 1990s.
"The biggest recent increase in emissions of industrialized countries has come from economies in transition, which have seen a rise of 7.4 percent in greenhouse gas emissions within the 2000 to 2006 time frame," said Yvo de Boer, executive secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC.
The emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol can be achieved not only with domestic emission reductions but also with the use of credits from Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry activities and from the three market-based flexibility mechanisms - emissions trading, joint implementation, and the clean development mechanism.
"The figures clearly underscore the urgency for the UN negotiating process to make good progress in Poznan and move forward quickly in designing a new agreement to respond to the challenge of climate change," de Boer said.
U.S. President-elect Barack Obama will not be at the Poznan talks, even as an observer, said de Boer, who had earlier expressed the hope that Obama might attend. "There is not going to be an Obama delegation in Poznan," he told a press conference in Germany that was also on the Internet.
De Boer observed that accounting data, including emission quotas for the Kyoto commitment period 2008-2012, have been finalized for almost all Kyoto countries. This type of data already is used in emissions trading conducted by countries under the Kyoto Protocol.
"Emission quotas defined by the Kyoto Protocol are no longer simple numbers on paper � they are part of real-time operation of the global carbon market," he said. "We see the carbon market working and this is an important message, not least for the Poznan meeting," said the UN climate chief.
With 192 Parties, the UNFCCC has near universal membership of all the world's governments and is the parent treaty of the Kyoto Protocol, which to date has 183 member Parties.
Under the Protocol, 37 States, consisting of highly industrialized countries and countries undergoing the process of transition to a market economy, have legally binding emission limitation and reduction commitments.
The ultimate objective of both treaties is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that will prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system.
