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全球海洋表面溫度 6月創最高溫紀錄

2009年07月24日
摘譯自2009年7月21日ENS美國,北卡羅來納州,艾西維爾市報導;張桂芳編譯;蔡麗伶審校

資料顯示全球海洋溫度不斷上升。圖片由美國太空總署提供。據設在艾西維爾市(Asheville)的美國國家海洋暨大氣總署國家氣候資料中心(NOAA's National Climatic Data Center in Asheville)的初步分析,今年6月,全球海洋表面溫度竄升到1880年以來最高的溫度,打破了2005年創下的記錄。

而2009年6月份全球陸地和海洋表面的綜合平均溫度,創下自開始記錄全球溫度以來僅次於2005年的第二高溫。比20世紀的平均溫度59.9華氏度( 15.5攝氏度)高出1.12華氏度( 0.62攝氏度)。

此外,2009年6月全球海洋表面溫度也創下高溫紀錄,比20世紀的平均溫度61.5華氏度( 16.4攝氏度)高出1.06華氏度( 0.59攝氏度)。

2009年6月全球陸地表面溫度比20世紀的均溫55.9華氏度( 13.3攝氏度)高出1.26華氏度( 0.7攝氏度)。創下6月份單月的第6高溫紀錄。

太平洋暖化的模式一般稱為聖嬰(El Niño)現象,在連續6個月海面溫度異常增加的狀況下再度造訪。該地區6月份的海洋表面溫度比均溫高出0.9華氏度( 0.5攝氏度)。

據美國國家氣候資料中心表示,就陸地方面,增溫最顯著的地方在非洲。同樣顯著增溫的地方還包括西伯利亞、黑海和地中海沿岸各地的地表溫度。

相反地,6月份地表溫度低於平均溫度的地點分別在美國北部平原、加拿大大草原省份、和中亞地區。

根據國家冰雪數據中心(National Snow and Ice Data Center)的報導,6月期間北極地區平均海冰覆蓋面積為4.4萬平方英里。比1979至2000年的平均覆蓋範圍低了5.6%。

相形之下, 2007年的北極最小海冰覆蓋範圍紀錄卻低於平均覆蓋面積5.5%。而南極6月份的海冰覆蓋面積比1979至2000年的平均範圍多了3.9%。

今年6月中歐的大雨引發土石流和水災。造成13個人死亡。據報導,這是歐洲中部自2002年的水災以來,堪稱最嚴重的自然災害。2002年的水災造成17人死亡與近30億美元的損失。

根據位於紐約市的戈達德(Goddard)太空研究所美國太空總署(NASA)氣候學家的測量結果,2008年是自1880年開始使用儀器輔助記錄溫度以來,創下第九高溫的一年。位居高溫記錄前10名的年份全發生在1997年和2008年間。

聯合國政府間氣候變遷研究小組(IPCC)最新的評估報告顯示,氣候科學家認爲全球暖化與汽車排放溫室氣體、工廠和發電、以及伐木或燒毀森林有絕對的關聯。

Warmest June on Record for Global Ocean Surface Temperature
ASHEVILLE, North Carolina, July 21, 2009 (ENS)

The world's ocean surface temperature in June rose to its warmest since 1880, breaking the previous high mark set in 2005, according to a preliminary analysis by NOAA's National Climatic Data Center in Asheville.

The combined average global land and ocean surface temperature for June was second-warmest since global record keeping began.

The combined global land and ocean surface temperature for June 2009 was the second warmest on record, behind 2005, 1.12 degrees Fahrenheit (0.62 degree C) above the 20th century average of 59.9 degrees F (15.5 degrees C).

Separately, the global ocean surface temperature for June 2009 was the warmest on record, 1.06 degrees Fahrenheit (0.59 degree C) above the 20th century average of 61.5 degrees F (16.4 degrees C).

The global land surface temperature for June 2009 was 1.26 degrees Fahrenheit (0.70 degree C) above the 20th century average of 55.9 degrees F (13.3 degrees C), and ranked as the sixth-warmest June on record.

The Pacific Ocean warming pattern known as El Niño is back after six straight months of increased sea-surface temperature anomalies. June sea surface temperatures in the region were more than 0.9 degree Fahrenheit (0.5 degree C) above average.

On land, increased warmth was most notable in Africa, according to the National Climatic Data Center. Considerable warmth also occurred in Siberia and in the lands around the Black and Mediterranean Seas.

Cooler than average land locations in June were the U.S. Northern Plains, the Canadian Prairie Provinces, and central Asia.

Arctic sea ice covered an average of 4.4 million square miles during June, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center. This is 5.6 percent below the 1979-2000 average extent.

By contrast, the 2007 record for the least Arctic sea ice extent was 5.5 percent below average.

Antarctic sea ice extent in June was 3.9 percent above the 1979-2000 average.

In June, heavy rain fell over central Europe, triggering mudslides and floods. Thirteen fatalities were reported. According to reports, this was central Europe's worst natural disaster since the 2002 floods that claimed 17 lives and caused nearly $3 billion in damages.

Climatologists at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York City measured 2008 as the ninth warmest year since continuous instrumental records were started in 1880. The 10 warmest years on record have all occurred between 1997 and 2008.

The latest assessment report from the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change shows that climate scientists link global warming to the emission of greenhouse gases emitted by cars, factories and power generation, as well as cutting down or burning forests.

作者

蔡麗伶(LiLing Barricman)

In my healing journey and learning to attain the breath awareness, I become aware of the reality that all the creatures of the world are breathing the same breath. Take action, here and now. From my physical being to the every corner of this out of balance's planet.