以下是非洲南部的幾個大型工程，或者計劃完成，或是正在施工中，它們可能對河流、該區域的水資源以及能源（電力）規劃產生重要影響。
尚比亞/辛巴威的Batoka峽谷水壩
▲受到影響的河流：尚比西河工程：這座水力發電站高達181公尺，位於維多利亞瀑布下游約50公里處，它將淹沒26平方公里的土地。電力輸出：1600MW。
▲情況：自1971年開始計劃以來，目前尚未確定開工日期。到目前為止，已經有三種可行性計畫的研究。辛巴威當局非常急於要展開此項工程，但是尚比亞卻不然：它已有超量的發電容量，而且尚比亞還有好幾處水力發電站的替代場所。
▲問題：蓄水庫將使那些曾經因建造Kariba水壩而遷移至Batoka峽谷的居民，被迫再一次遷移。尚比亞的部落首領們已經拒絕了此項工程，並發誓要戰鬥到底。蓄水庫會加劇靠水傳播的疾病（諸如瘧疾等）對健康的威脅。評論家還認?，水壩會破壞旅遊業。
納米比亞/安哥拉的Epupa水壩
▲受影響的河流：Kunene河（也寫作Cunene）
▲工程：此水力發電站高達163或200公尺（考慮了兩處位址）；較大的水壩將建一個面積380平方公里的蓄水庫。電力輸出：360MW
▲情況：雖然北歐國家的援助機構NORAD和SIDA聲稱對於工程提供資金不感興趣，它們還是對於可行性的研究提供融資協助。納米比亞的政府官員說，他們想要儘快建造水壩，但是現在安哥拉似乎已經對此工程失去興趣。作者撰寫此文時，一個出資人都沒有。據聞，中國曾經表示過對此有興趣。
▲問題：它會影響成千上萬半遊牧的金巴人，可能會永遠地破壞他們的生活方式。金巴人不顧一切地反對建造水壩，他們拒絕參與制訂此工程的社會動遷計劃，這可能使得該工程「無法築堤」。環境問題也非常嚴重，因?它會嚴重改變納米比亞西北部這條唯一的終年不枯河的生態系統。蓄水庫每年蒸發的水量多達6億立方米--這一數位對這個乾旱的國家來說，已經非常龐大了。納米比亞還有更好的場所可以建造發電站，而又能造成較少的損害，也能降低其成本。
▲主要參與方：納米比亞的礦藏暨能源部積極施加壓力，欲此項工程即刻進行。納米比亞的電力公司Nampower是專案開發商之一。一個名?Namang的國際銀行團體做了開發的可行性研究；這個團體包括納米比亞公司Burmeister和挪威、瑞典的諮詢公司。金巴族、地球生命組織納米比亞分會（Eathlife-Namibia）、納米比亞野生生物協會以及許多國際組織紛紛對此表示反對。
納米比亞/波茲瓦納的Okavango管道工程
▲受到影響的河流：Okavango河
▲工程：計劃從Okavango河建造一條長達250公里的管道，將水引到溫得和克。造價估計高達6億3百萬納幣。
▲情況：數年來，納米比亞的Namwater公司和納米比亞水利事務部一直在研究此項工程，但是最近的旱災使得這個開發工程更加急迫。最近，該國在認真考慮這個計劃。
▲問題：這個工程的代價非常高，尤其是考慮到這比起地下水資源距離溫得和克還近了200公里，而且運輸的更快。此項工程對Okavango三角洲生態健康的影響還是未知的，但是環保人士擔心這個工程會影響其它河流改道工程，產生所謂的「水龍頭效應」，這樣就將對生態系統造成累積損害。
▲主要參與方：Namwater（納米比亞水公司）和納米比亞水利事務部對此計劃進行提案。Okavango 聯絡團（Okavango Liaison Group）（請見手冊第29頁側欄）急迫地想找到替代辦法，他們也想讓社區參與三角洲的規劃。以下投資商已經表示了興趣：歐洲投資銀行，非洲發展銀行，德國的Kreditanstalt Fur Wiederaufbau，日本的海外經濟合作基金會(OECF)，南非發展銀行，聯邦發展公司（英國）以及荷蘭發展信貸公司。
版權歸屬 國際河網
The following are just a few large-scale projects either planned or underway in Southern Africa that could have major impacts on rivers, and on regional water and power planning.
Batoka Gorge Dam, Zambia/Zimbabwe
▲ River Affected: Zambezi
Project: 181-meter-high hydropower dam, sited about 50 km downstream of Victoria Falls. Would inundate a 26-square-kilometre area. Power Output: 1,600 megawatts
▲ Status: Under consideration since 1971, but still no start-up date. There have been three feasibility studies thus far. Zimbabwe has been anxious to proceed with the project, but Zambia - which has excess generating capacity and several alternative sites for hydropower - is not.
▲ Problems: The reservoir would force the removal of a group of people who had been relocated to Batoka Gorge for the construction of Kariba Dam. Tribal leaders in Zambia have rejected the project and have vowed to fight it. The reservoir could increase health risks from water-borne diseases such as malaria. Critics also argue that the dam will harm tourism.
Epupa Dam, Namibia/Angola
▲River Affected: Kunene (also spelled Cunene)
▲Project: 163- or 200-meter-high hydropower dam (two sites are being considered); the larger dam will have a. 380-sq-km reservoir. Power Output: 360 MW
▲Status: Scandinavian aid agencies NORAD and SlDA helped finance the feasibility study, though they say they have no interest in funding the project. Namibian government officials say they want to build the dam soon, but Angola seems to have lost interest in the project for now. At this writing, no funders had been lined up. At one point, China had reportedly expressed interest.
▲Problems: it will affect thousands of the semi-nomadic Himba people, probably destroying their way of life forever. The Himba are overwhelmingly opposed to the dam, and have refused to cooperate in creating a social mitigation plan for the project, which may make the project "unbankable". The environmental problems are serious, too, as it will seriously change the riparian ecosystem of the only perennial river in northwestern Namibia. The reservoir will evaporate 600 million cubic metres of water per year - a huge amount for this arid country. Namibia also has better options for power that will do less harm and cost less.
▲Key Players: The Namibian Ministry of Mines and Energy is actively pressing for the project to go ahead. Nampower, the Namibian electric company, would be one of the project developers. The feasibility study was done by a consortium called Namang, which included the Namibian company Burmeister, plus Norwegian and Swedish consulting firms. Opposition has been heard from the Himba communities, Earthlife-Namibia, Wildlife Society of Namibia, and a number of international groups.
Okavango Pipeline Project, Namibia/Botswana
▲River Affected: Okavango
▲Project: A proposed z5o-km pipeline from the Okavango River to divert water to Windhoek. Cost estimated at N$603 million.
▲Status: Namwater and the Department of Water Affairs (both Namibia) have been studying this project for years, but recent droughts have added urgency to its development. Currently, the project is being seriously considered.
▲Problems: A costly option, especially compared to groundwater sources, which are 200 kilometres closer to Windhoek and quicker to come online. Impacts on Okavango Delta's health are largely unknown, but environmentalists fear that this project will "open the tap" for other water diversions that could do serious cumulative harm to the ecosystem.
▲Key Players: Namwater (Namibian water company) and the Namibian Dept. of Water Affairs are proposing it. The Okavango Liaison Group (see sidebar on page 29) is pressing for alternatives, as well as community involvement in planning for the Delta. The following funders have expressed interest: the European Investment Bank, the African Development Bank, Germany's Kreditanstalt Fur Wiederaufbau, Japan's Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (OECF), Development Bank Of Southern Africa, Commonwealth Development Corporation (UK), Netherlands Development Finance Company.
