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全球6月氣溫創史上新高

2010年07月27日
摘譯自2010年7月21日ENS美國,北卡州,艾西維爾市報導報導;陳姿穎編譯;蔡麗伶審校

根據美國國家海洋暨大氣總署(NOAA),上(6)月陸地和海面總和溫度創下史上新高;而4月到6月和1月到6月的全球氣溫也都破紀錄。

這項數據來自NOAA在艾西維爾市的「國家氣候數據中心」(NCDC),其每月分析以1880年以來的氣候紀錄為基礎。NOAA氣候科學家說,自1880年以來,全球平均氣溫最熱的10個紀錄都出現在近15年。紀錄至今最熱的6月是1998年,而2010是目前為止最熱的。

數據分析顯示,6月和4月到6月的全世界平均陸地表面溫度創紀錄新高。1月到6月的陸地表面溫度是至今紀錄的第二高,僅次於2007年。

政府與企業的科學家、研究者、領導者利用NOAA月報表,幫助他們追蹤全球氣候的趨勢和其他的變遷。這個氣候服務機制幫助農民去決定種植的作物和種植的時間,並以和水、能源、及其他重要資產的關鍵性決定來引導資源經理人。

2010年6月的陸地和海平面總和溫度為攝氏16.2度,比20世紀的平均溫度攝氏15.5度多出攝氏0.68度,創下史上新高。

全球6月陸地平均溫度,比20世紀的平均溫度攝氏13.3度多出攝氏1.07度,是最熱的紀錄。

比平均溫度高的情況在全球占多數。包括溫度升高最多的祕魯、美國中部與東部、東亞和西亞。比平均溫度低的區域包括斯堪地那維亞半島、中國南部和美國西北部。

中國北京國家氣候中心指出,中國的紀錄中,內蒙古、黑龍江、吉林,今年6月溫度均打破1951年以來的紀錄;但同時,貴州卻經歷了最冷的6月。

根據西班牙氣象局(Spain's meteorological office),西班牙全國平均溫度比平均多出攝氏0.4度,是西班牙自1997年以來最涼爽的6月。

全球海平面溫度比20世紀平均溫度攝氏16.4度多出攝氏0.54度,是6月紀錄的第4暖。大西洋溫度最顯著的增加。

近赤道的太平洋海平面溫度在2010年6月期間持續下降,和聖嬰現象的結束時的加溫型態吻合。

NOAA國家氣候預報中心(Climate Prediction Center)指出,2010年北半球的夏季,很有可能發展出反聖嬰現象涼爽的氣候

在6月,北極海冰覆蓋了平均1090萬平方公里,比1979年到2000年的平均範圍低了10.6%,是1979年有紀錄以來6月的最低範圍,這也是連續第19個北極海冰範圍低於平均值的6月。然而,6月南極海冰範圍,比1979到2000年的最大6月平均面積,多出8.3%。

根據澳洲氣象局,6月創下澳洲第4乾燥的紀錄。而英國氣象局資料顯示,2010年的前半年是英國自從1929年以來最乾燥的一年。英國今年1月到6月期間,平均降雨為362.5平方公厘,比1929年1月到6月多出86.8平方公厘。

June Global Temperatures Warmest on Record
ASHEVILLE, North Carolina, July 21, 2010 (ENS)

Last month's combined global land and ocean surface temperature made it the warmest June on record, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA. The global temperature also broke the records for April-June and January-June time periods.

The monthly analysis from NOAA's National Climatic Data Center in Asheville is based on temperature records going back to 1880.

Each of the 10 warmest average global temperatures recorded since 1880 have occurred in the last 15 years. The warmest year-to-date on record, through June, was 1998, and 2010 is warmer so far, NOAA's climate scientists said.

Worldwide, the average land surface temperature was the warmest on record for June and for the April-June period, the analysis shows. Land surface temperature was the second warmest on record for the year-to-date (January-June) period, behind 2007.

Scientists, researchers and leaders in government and industry use NOAA's monthly reports to help track trends and other changes in the world's climate. This climate service helps farmers determine what and when to plant and guides resource managers with critical decisions about water, energy and other vital assets.

The combined global land and ocean average surface temperature for June 2010 was the warmest on record at 61.1 degrees F (16.2 degrees C), which is 1.22 degrees F (0.68 degrees C) above the 20th century average of 59.9 degrees F (15.5 degrees C).

The global June land surface temperature was 1.93 degrees F (1.07 degrees C) above the 20th century average of 55.9 degrees F (13.3 degrees C) - the warmest on record.

Warmer-than-average conditions dominated the globe, with the most prominent warmth in Peru, the central and eastern contiguous United States and eastern and western Asia.

Cooler-than-average regions included Scandinavia, southern China and the northwestern contiguous United States.

According to China's Beijing Climate Center, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Jilin had their warmest June since national records began in 1951. Meanwhile, Guizhou experienced its coolest June on record.

According to Spain's meteorological office, the nationwide average temperature was 0.7 degrees F (0.4 degrees C) above normal, Spain's coolest June since 1997.

Out on the oceans, the worldwide ocean surface temperature was 0.97 degrees F (0.54 degrees C) above the 20th century average of 61.5 degrees F (16.4 degrees C), which was the fourth warmest June on record. The Atlantic Ocean showed the greatest temperature increase.

Sea surface temperature continued to decrease across the equatorial Pacific Ocean during June 2010, consistent with the end of an El Nino warming pattern.

According to NOAA's Climate Prediction Center,cooler La Nina conditions are likely to develop during the northern hemisphere summer 2010.

Arctic sea ice covered an average of 4.2 millionsquare miles (10.9 million square kilometers) during June. This is 10.6 percent below the 1979-2000 average extent and the lowest June extent since records began in 1979. This was also the 19th consecutive June with below-average Arctic sea ice extent.

Antarctic sea ice extent in June was above average, 8.3 percent above the 1979-2000 average-resulting in the largest June extent on record.

According to Australia's Bureau of Meteorology, the continent had its fourth-driest June on record.

The first six months of 2010 were the driest since 1929 for the United Kingdom, according to the UK Met Office. The average rainfall during January-June 2010 was 14.3 inches (362.5 mm), just 3.4 inches (86.8 mm) above January-June 1929.

全文及圖片詳見:ENS報導

作者

蔡麗伶(LiLing Barricman)

In my healing journey and learning to attain the breath awareness, I become aware of the reality that all the creatures of the world are breathing the same breath. Take action, here and now. From my physical being to the every corner of this out of balance's planet.