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綠色和平占領破冰船 阻止北極海域鑽油

2012年05月04日
摘譯自2012年5月1日ENS芬蘭,赫爾辛基報導;李子昂編譯;蔡麗伶審校

綠色和平組織反對人士在2012年5月1日佔領赫爾辛基港中的諾地加號破冰船。(Matti Snellman 攝,綠色和平組織提供)綠色和平組織北歐活動人士在5月1日登上並占領赫爾辛基港中與殼牌公司簽約的破冰船,該船正準備前往阿拉斯加地區。

該日上午10時30分,20名來自13個不同國家的抗議人士登上諾地加號(Nordica)破冰船,並把自己鎖在船的各個部份,從船艙到桅杆都有。

綠色和平組織在5月1日發表一份聲明,反對自90年代早期以來北極地區第一個大型的海上鑽油井。「我們呼籲油業巨頭殼牌公司放棄其頗有爭議的計劃,不要在脆弱的北極地區開採原油。」

綠色和平組織呼籲殼牌公司不要在北極地區開採原油,而其網站上的聯署聲明至今已有391958人參與。

諾地加號是兩艘由芬蘭政府所有,並與殼牌公司簽約的破冰船之一,目前正打算前往阿拉斯加入其姊妹船芬尼加號(Fennica)的行列,以支援兩艘正前往阿拉斯加北部海域的石油探勘船庫魯克號(Kulluk)和諾保發現者號(Noble Discoverer)。後兩船將在今年夏天幫殼牌公司於楚科奇海(Chukchi Sea)和波福海(Beaufort Sea)鑽探五口鑽油井。

殼牌公司打算從7月10日左右開始在上述兩個海域鑽油,直到今年秋天浮冰形成之前。

殼牌公司預計在未來兩個夏天之非冰封期於科楚奇海距岸約70英里、水深140英尺處的漢寶探勘區(Burger Prospect),鑽探六口油井。

歐巴馬政府於2月17日批准了殼牌公司在楚科奇海鑽探原油的漏油應變計劃。

殼牌公司在提出針對美國內政部安全和環境執法局(Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, BSEE)要求之最遭狀況應對方案後拿到了許可。方案內容包含相當於該公司先前計劃五倍糟糕情況的應對措施,包括遭遇惡劣的天候條件,以及發展專用設備和策略,以避免情況失控和漏油。

2011年8月16日,位於北極圈內臨科楚奇海阿拉斯加北部的科策布鎮(Kotzebue)。(calypte提供)3月28日,安全和環境執法局亦批准了殼牌公司在波福海鑽探原油的漏油應變計劃。

殼牌公司花了近40億美元以及五年的時間準備在波福海和楚科奇海鑽探原油。同時預計在夏末阿拉斯加原住民狩獵弓頭鯨(bowhead whale)時期暫停鑽油作業。

反對派人士表示,殼牌公司乃是第一個在大眾關注之北極地區開採原油的油業巨頭。如果殼牌公司今年夏天鑽到原油的話,其他石油巨頭將迅速跟進,引發又一波危險的原油爭奪。

綠色和平組織表示,「歷史上第一次,我們正面臨著一個北極沒有冰的世界,北極熊、獨角鯨和海象將失去他們的棲所。殼牌公司將鑽油賺錢擺在首位,而不管可能導致的融冰,從根本上就是個錯誤。」

Greenpeace Occupies Icebreaker to Block Shell Arctic Drilling
HELSINKI, Finland, May 1, 2012 (ENS)

Greenpeace Nordic activists today boarded and occupied a Shell-contracted icebreaker in Helsinki harbor as it was preparing to leave for the Alaskan Arctic.

At 10:30 this morning, 20 activists from 13 different countries boarded the icebreaker Nordica and locked themselves down throughout the ship, from the cabins to the top of the mast.

"We are calling on the oil giant Shell to abandon its controversial plans to open up the fragile Arctic for oil drilling," Greenpeace said today in a statement protesting the first major offshore drilling in the Arctic since the early 1990s.

A letter on the Greenpeace website appealing to Shell to refrain from oil expoitation in the Arctic has been signed by 391,958 people to date.

The Nordica is one of two Shell-contracted icebreakers owned by the Finnish government. It is heading to Alaska to join its sister ship, the Fennica, to support the Kulluk and Noble Discoverer, the two drilling vessels en route to the north coast of Alaska to drill five exploratory wells for Shell in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas later this summer.

Shell has said it intends to begin drilling in the two neighboring seas on or about July 10 and continue until just before ice forms this autumn.

Shell has proposed drilling up to six wells in the Chukchi Sea during the next two summer open water seasons within the Burger Prospect, located about 70 miles off the coast in about 140 feet of water.

The Obama administration on February 17 approved Shell's oil spill response plan for drilling exploratory wells in the Chukchi Sea.

The approval was granted after the U.S. Department of the Interior's Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, BSEE, required Shell to prepare for a worst case discharge nearly five times that of their previous plan, to include planning for adverse weather conditions, and to develop special equipment and strategies that could respond to a loss of well control and a spill.

On March 28, the BSEE approved Shell's oil spill response plan for the Beaufort Sea.

Shell has spent nearly $4 billion and five years preparing to drill in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas. The company plans to halt drilling operations during the late summer hunt for bowhead whales by native Alaskans.

Shell is the first major international oil company to make exploitation of the Arctic a serious corporate focus. If it strikes oil this summer, other global oil giants will quickly follow and spark a dangerous Arctic oil rush, the campaign group warns.

"For the first time in our history we are faced with the possibility of a world without ice at the North Pole, without a home for polar bears, narwhals and walrus," said Greenpeace today. "It is fundamentally wrong that Shell is making money drilling for more of the oil that has caused this melting in the first place."

作者

蔡麗伶(LiLing Barricman)

In my healing journey and learning to attain the breath awareness, I become aware of the reality that all the creatures of the world are breathing the same breath. Take action, here and now. From my physical being to the every corner of this out of balance's planet.